Salton Sea Alternatives Require

Salton Sea Alternatives Require

&KDSWHU 3XPS2XW3XPS,Q$OWHUQDWLYHV 7KHSXPSRXWSXPSLQDOWHUQDWLYHVDUHWKRVHWKDWSXPSZDWHUIURPWKH 6DOWRQ6HDWRGLVWDQWORFDWLRQVDQGWKHQSXPSZDWHUWRWKH6HDIURPRWKHU ORFDWLRQVLQYDULRXVFRPELQDWLRQV3XPSLQJZDWHURXWUHPRYHVVDOWODGHQ ZDWHUDQGWKXVUHGXFHVWKHDPRXQWRIVDOWDQGVDOLQLW\LQWKH6HD8VLQJ RWKHUSLSHOLQHVZDWHULVWKHQSXPSHGLQWRWKH6HD7KLVIUHVKHUZDWHU GHFUHDVHVWKH6HDªVVDOLQLW\¦LQHVVHQFHGLOXWLQJWKHVDOLQLW\RIWKH6HD 6RPHDOWHUQDWLYHVGRQRWSXPSZDWHULQWRWKH6HD7KHVHGHVLJQVPDLQWDLQ WKH6HDª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³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¦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³3XPS2XW3XPS,Q$OWHUQDWLYHV 7KHSLSHOLQHVZRXOGIORZFRQWLQXDOO\LQWKLVGHVLJQ)ORZGXUDWLRQVRWKHU WKDQWKLVZRXOGUHTXLUHODUJHUSLSHVLIWKH\HDUO\GLVFKDUJHUHPDLQV FRQVWDQW)OXFWXDWLRQRIWKHGLVFKDUJHWRVXSSO\SHDNLQJGD\WLPHSRZHU ZRXOGUHTXLUHODUJHUSLSHV 7KHSLSHVDUHGHVLJQHGIRUVWDWLFKHDG*UHDWHUVXUJHVUHTXLUHVWURQJHU SLSHV$PRUHFRPSOHWHGHVLJQZRXOGLQFOXGHSLSHVODUJHHQRXJKWRDOORZWKH ZDWHUWRIORZRYHUWKHJLYHQGLVWDQFHDQGEXUQXSWKHKHDGWKURXJKIULFWLRQ $Q\KHDGXVHGIRUSRZHUSURGXFWLRQDWIXOOIORZZRXOGUHTXLUHODUJHUSLSHV )XWXUHKLJKHUOHYHOGHVLJQVVKRXOGFRQVLGHUSRZHUJHQHUDWLRQ5XQRIWKH ULYHUSRZHUSODQWVPD\EHDYLDEOHRSWLRQ 6DOLQH:DWHU&RQFHUQV 6DOWZDWHUFDQFDXVHPDQ\SUREOHPVZLWKZDWHUFRQYH\DQFHIHDWXUHVVXFKDV SLSHOLQHVWDQNVSXPSVDQGLQOHWV7KHLRQVLQWKHVDOWZDWHUFDQJUHDWO\ DFFHOHUDWHFRUURVLRQRIVWHHODQGPHWDOOLFVXUIDFHV 6FDOLQJLVDQRWKHUPDMRUFRQFHUQ2FHDQZDWHUDQG6HDZDWHUDUHH[WUHPHO\ §KDUG¨+DUGZDWHUVGHSRVLWFDOFLXPDQGPDJQHVLXPRQWKHVXUIDFHVWKH\ FRQWDFW3LSHOLQHVPD\EHFRPHFRPSOHWHO\FORJJHGHYHQZKHQKDUGQHVV YDOXHVDUHPXFKOHVVWKDQDW6DOWRQ6HD 2WKHUVDOWVPD\SUHFLSLWDWHRXWRIWKHZDWHUDQGEHFRPHDSUREOHP7KH VDOWVPD\EHDEUDVLYHWRWKHOLQLQJV:DWHULQWKHFRQYH\DQFHV\VWHPZRXOG EHVXEMHFWHGWRERWKWHPSHUDWXUHDQGSUHVVXUHVFKDQJHV7KHLQWHUDFWLRQRI WHPSHUDWXUHDQGSUHVVXUHPXVWEHIXOO\XQGHUVWRRGEHIRUHILQDOGHVLJQ 0RVWRIWKHVHSUREOHPVFDQEHVROYHG&RUURVLRQVFDOLQJDQGDEUDVLRQ ZRXOGQRWKDUPVRPHSRO\PHUFRDWLQJV7KHVHFRDWLQJVDUHTXLWHH[SHQVLYH DQGWKHFRVWVIRUWKHPKDYHEHHQLQFOXGHGLQWKHFRVWHVWLPDWH 3LSHOLQHV2QO\'HVLJQ 7KHSXPSLQSXPSRXWSUHDSSUDLVDODOWHUQDWLYHVZHUHGHVLJQHGXVLQJRQO\ SLSHOLQHV2WKHUIHDWXUHVFRXOGEHXVHGWRFRQYH\ZDWHUDQGPD\EH DSSURSULDWH3LSHOLQHVZHUHXVHGLQWKHVHGHVLJQVRQO\WRGHFUHDVHWKHWLPH UHTXLUHGIRUWKHGHVLJQ,WLVKLJKO\XQOLNHO\WKDWVHOHFWLRQRIDSDUWLFXODU

View Full Text

Details

  • File Type
    pdf
  • Upload Time
    -
  • Content Languages
    English
  • Upload User
    Anonymous/Not logged-in
  • File Pages
    19 Page
  • File Size
    -

Download

Channel Download Status
Express Download Enable

Copyright

We respect the copyrights and intellectual property rights of all users. All uploaded documents are either original works of the uploader or authorized works of the rightful owners.

  • Not to be reproduced or distributed without explicit permission.
  • Not used for commercial purposes outside of approved use cases.
  • Not used to infringe on the rights of the original creators.
  • If you believe any content infringes your copyright, please contact us immediately.

Support

For help with questions, suggestions, or problems, please contact us