A case Study on the Use of Spelling as a Determining Factor in Teaching English Grammar in Dominican Schools Dr. Pedro Tavárez Da Costa & Fransheska Reyes Arias, B.A. January 2021 i Index Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..i Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………ii Chapter I. Theoretical Framework ...................................................................................... 1 Historical Backgrounds .................................................................................................. 1 Internationally the Following was Found:................................................................... 2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................ 5 Importance of the Problem ............................................................................................. 7 Objective ........................................................................................................................ 8 General Objective ....................................................................................................... 8 Specific Objectives ...................................................................................................... 8 Research Questions: ....................................................................................................... 9 Justification .................................................................................................................. 10 Viability........................................................................................................................ 12 Limitations: .................................................................................................................. 13 Geographical Context .................................................................................................. 13 Bonao History ........................................................................................................... 13 Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe School ....................................................................... 16 Definition of Terms ....................................................................................................... 18 Spelling: ................................................................................................................... 18 Error: ....................................................................................................................... 18 English Grammar ..................................................................................................... 18 Factor: ..................................................................................................................... 18 Primary School ......................................................................................................... 18 Chapter II. Review of the Literature ................................................................................. 19 The History of English Spelling .................................................................................... 19 St. Augustine Started Writing in English ....................................................................... 19 At Times Spelling and Pronunciation did Match ........................................................... 20 Gutenberg Began to Standardize Spelling ..................................................................... 20 Webster Made Some Spelling Changes ......................................................................... 21 The Germans Tried Spelling Reform ............................................................................. 22 Historical Background of English Spelling ................................................................... 22 Definition of Spelling .................................................................................................... 27 Phonological Knowledge .............................................................................................. 28 Orthographical Knowledge .......................................................................................... 28 Morphemic Knowledge ................................................................................................. 29 Etymological Knowledge .............................................................................................. 30 Teaching of Spelling ..................................................................................................... 30 Priorities for Teaching ................................................................................................. 32 Theory to Practice ........................................................................................................ 32 Development Stage Theory ........................................................................................ 32 Overlapping Waves Theory .......................................................................................... 33 Spelling and School Success ......................................................................................... 34 The Nature of the Spelling System................................................................................. 34 Spelling Development: Learning and Instruction .......................................................... 36 The Error in Learning a Foreign Language .................................................................. 39 Causes of the Errors ..................................................................................................... 43 1) Simplification .................................................................................................... 44 2) Hyper correction ................................................................................................ 45 3) Faulty teaching .................................................................................................. 45 4) Fossilization:...................................................................................................... 45 5) Annulment: ........................................................................................................ 45 6) Inappropriate learning ........................................................................................ 45 7) Orthography ....................................................................................................... 45 Teachers say Lack of English learning in Schools Creates Inequality in the DR ........... 46 What is the Impact of the Spelling Presented as a Determining Factor in the Practice of Writing English Language Learning? ........................................................................... 49 What Common Spelling Mistakes do Students Make in Relation to English Grammar? . 50 What is the Importance of the Teacher-Student Interaction? ......................................... 53 Types of Interaction .................................................................................................. 55 The Importance of Interaction in EFL ....................................................................... 58 What Consideration do Students Take for the Eradication of Lack of Spelling? ............ 60 How can you Teach the English Language with the correct use of spelling? ................. 62 Chapter III. Methodology ................................................................................................. 64 Research Approach ...................................................................................................... 64 Type of Investigation .................................................................................................... 64 Research Design ........................................................................................................... 65 Population and Sample ................................................................................................. 66 Techniques and Instruments for Data Collection .......................................................... 67 Technique ................................................................................................................. 67 Instrument................................................................................................................. 67 Chapter IV. Result and Analysis of the Data Obtained in the Investigation ....................... 69 Research Questions Discussion .................................................................................... 79 Result for research question No.1. ............................................................................ 79 Result for research question No.2. ............................................................................ 79 Result for research question No.3. ............................................................................ 79 Result for research question No.4. ............................................................................ 80 Result for research question No.5. ............................................................................ 80 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 81 In relation to question N ° 1 ...................................................................................... 81 Question No. 2 .......................................................................................................... 82 Regarding question No.3.