Exploring Spatial Data with GeoDaTM : A Workbook Luc Anselin Spatial Analysis Laboratory Department of Geography University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801 http://sal.uiuc.edu/ Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science http://www.csiss.org/ Revised Version, March 6, 2005 Copyright c 2004-2005 Luc Anselin, All Rights Reserved Contents Preface xvi 1 Getting Started with GeoDa 1 1.1 Objectives . 1 1.2 Starting a Project . 1 1.3 User Interface . 3 1.4 Practice . 5 2 Creating a Choropleth Map 6 2.1 Objectives . 6 2.2 Quantile Map . 6 2.3 Selecting and Linking Observations in the Map . 10 2.4 Practice . 11 3 Basic Table Operations 13 3.1 Objectives . 13 3.2 Navigating the Data Table . 13 3.3 Table Sorting and Selecting . 14 3.3.1 Queries . 16 3.4 Table Calculations . 17 3.5 Practice . 20 4 Creating a Point Shape File 22 4.1 Objectives . 22 4.2 Point Input File Format . 22 4.3 Converting Text Input to a Point Shape File . 24 4.4 Practice . 25 i 5 Creating a Polygon Shape File 26 5.1 Objectives . 26 5.2 Boundary File Input Format . 26 5.3 Creating a Polygon Shape File for the Base Map . 28 5.4 Joining a Data Table to the Base Map . 29 5.5 Creating a Regular Grid Polygon Shape File . 31 5.6 Practice . 34 6 Spatial Data Manipulation 36 6.1 Objectives . 36 6.2 Creating a Point Shape File Containing Centroid Coordinates 37 6.2.1 Adding Centroid Coordinates to the Data Table . 39 6.3 Creating a Thiessen Polygon Shape File . 40 6.4 Practice . 42 7 EDA Basics, Linking 43 7.1 Objectives . 43 7.2 Linking Histograms . 43 7.3 Linking Box Plots . 48 7.4 Practice . 52 8 Brushing Scatter Plots and Maps 53 8.1 Objectives . 53 8.2 Scatter Plot . 53 8.2.1 Exclude Selected . 56 8.2.2 Brushing Scatter Plots . 57 8.3 Brushing Maps . 59 8.4 Practice . 60 9 Multivariate EDA basics 61 9.1 Objectives . 61 9.2 Scatter Plot Matrix . 61 9.3 Parallel Coordinate Plot (PCP) . 65 9.4 Practice . 68 10 Advanced Multivariate EDA 69 10.1 Objectives . 69 10.2 Conditional Plots . 69 10.3 3-D Scatter Plot . 73 10.4 Practice . 77 ii 11 ESDA Basics and Geovisualization 78 11.1 Objectives . 78 11.2 Percentile Map . 78 11.3 Box Map . 81 11.4 Cartogram . 82 11.5 Practice . 85 12 Advanced ESDA 86 12.1 Objectives . 86 12.2 Map Animation . 86 12.3 Conditional Maps . 89 12.4 Practice . 91 13 Basic Rate Mapping 92 13.1 Objectives . 92 13.2 Raw Rate Maps . 92 13.3 Excess Risk Maps . 96 13.4 Practice . 97 14 Rate Smoothing 99 14.1 Objectives . 99 14.2 Empirical Bayes Smoothing . 99 14.3 Spatial Rate Smoothing . 101 14.3.1 Spatial Weights Quickstart . 102 14.3.2 Spatially Smoothed Maps . 103 14.4 Practice . 104 15 Contiguity-Based Spatial Weights 106 15.1 Objectives . 106 15.2 Rook-Based Contiguity . 106 15.3 Connectivity Histogram . 110 15.4 Queen-Based Contiguity . 112 15.5 Higher Order Contiguity . 113 15.6 Practice . 115 16 Distance-Based Spatial Weights 117 16.1 Objectives . 117 16.2 Distance-Band Weights . 117 16.3 k-Nearest Neighbor Weights . 121 16.4 Practice . 123 iii 17 Spatially Lagged Variables 124 17.1 Objectives . 124 17.2 Spatial Lag Construction . 124 17.3 Spatial Autocorrelation . 127 17.4 Practice . 128 18 Global Spatial Autocorrelation 129 18.1 Objectives . 129 18.2 Moran Scatter Plot . 129 18.2.1 Preliminaries . 129 18.2.2 Moran scatter plot function . 131 18.3 Inference . 134 18.4 Practice . 137 19 Local Spatial Autocorrelation 138 19.1 Objectives . 138 19.2 LISA Maps . 138 19.2.1 Basics . 138 19.2.2 LISA Significance Map . 140 19.2.3 LISA Cluster Map . 140 19.2.4 Other LISA Result Graphs . 141 19.2.5 Saving LISA Statistics . 142 19.3 Inference . 142 19.4 Spatial Clusters and Spatial Outliers . 145 19.5 Practice . 147 20 Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis for Rates 148 20.1 Objectives . 148 20.2 Preliminaries . 148 20.3 EB Adjusted Moran Scatter Plot . 149 20.4 EB Adjusted LISA Maps . 151 20.5 Practice . 153 21 Bivariate Spatial Autocorrelation 155 21.1 Objectives . 155 21.2 Bivariate Moran Scatter Plot . 155 21.2.1 Space-Time Correlation . 157 21.3 Moran Scatter Plot Matrix . 160 21.4 Bivariate LISA Maps . 161 21.5 Practice . 163 iv 22 Regression Basics 165 22.1 Objectives . 165 22.2 Preliminaries . 165 22.3 Specifying the Regression Model . 169 22.4 Ordinary Least Squares Regression . 172 22.4.1 Saving Predicted Values and Residuals . 172 22.4.2 Regression Output . 174 22.4.3 Regression Output File . 176 22.5 Predicted Value and Residual Maps . 177 22.6 Practice . 178 23 Regression Diagnostics 180 23.1 Objectives . 180 23.2 Preliminaries . 181 23.3 Trend Surface Regression . 183 23.3.1 Trend Surface Variables . 183 23.3.2 Linear Trend Surface . 184 23.3.3 Quadratic Trend Surface . 187 23.4 Residual Maps and Plots . ..