CREATIVE DISTRICTS AROUND THE WORLD CELEBRATING THE 500TH ANNIVERSARY OF BAIRRO ALTO LÉNIA MARQUES AND GREG RICHARDS (EDS) NHTV, BREDA, 2014 ISBN/EAN: 978‐90‐819011‐3‐0 http://creativedistricts.imem.nl/ CREATIVE DISTRICTS AROUND THE WORLD CELEBRATING THE 500TH ANNIVERSARY OF BAIRRO ALTO The 500th anniversary of one of the historic creative districts of the world, Bairro Alto, in Lisbon (Portugal) served as a catalyst for the publication of this interactive e‐book. In a journey that starts in the heart of the Bairro, several authors and artists take us through different creative districts around the globe. Creative Districts around the World is a snapshot of the dynamic changes taking place in very different cities, such as London, New York, Johannesburg or Melaka. Enjoy your journey around the creative districts of the world! Lénia Marques and Greg Richards http://creativedistricts.imem.nl/ Table of Contents Editors introduction: Creative districts around the world ................................................................... 1 Lénia Marques and Greg Richards Lisbon and the Bairro Alto: 500 years ................................................................................................... 5 Jorge Mangorrinha Architecture and society in Bairro Alto: prostitutes, artists and stabbings; palazzi, streets and alleys ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 Fabiana Pavel Gentrification and cultural heritage in Bairro Alto: Prelude to a creative district ........................... 17 Luís Mendes The Unusual path of 'rural urbanisation': The creative transformation of Ponta Delgada, The Azores .................................................................................................................................................. 23 Emese Panyik Alameda de Hercules ........................................................................................................................... 33 Guido Cimadomo and Pilar Martínez Ponce The Ouseburn Valley ........................................................................................................................... 37 James Whiting East-West identities and creative fusions in London’s ‘Asian Quarters’ ........................................... 47 Stephen J. Shaw Custard with the colourful taste of creativity .................................................................................... 57 Peter Horsten and Peter van der Aalst The Veemarktkwartier: Pioneer in The Netherlands ......................................................................... 67 Simon Wijs and Kristel Zegers Fashion district Arnhem: Creative entrepreneurs upgrading a deprived neighbourhood ............... 75 Dany Jacobs, Ewan Lentjes and Esther Ruiten The Finlayson/Tampella Area ............................................................................................................. 81 Mariangela Lavanga Creative districts of Helsinki – Two distant relatives ......................................................................... 87 Pekka Mustonen and Taru Lindblom New life of New Holland in a classical city .......................................................................................... 93 Valery Gordin, Marina Matetskaya and Mariya Dedova A Post‐Socialist transformation – From a factory to a creative quarter ............................................ 99 Ieva Rozentale and Timurs Tomsons The Creative heart of Budapest ........................................................................................................ 105 Anita Zatori and Melanie Smith From a Jewish Quarter into a creative district ................................................................................. 111 Anett k. Tóth, Barbara Keszei and Andrea Dúll Transformation through the revival of industrial heritage .............................................................. 119 Emese Panyik Revitalisation through creativity ...................................................................................................... 129 Milica Ilincic Varosha – A creative meaning through the years ............................................................................ 137 Liliya Terzieva New cultural polarities and the revival of Beyoğlu in Istanbul ....................................................... 143 Jérémie Molho Creative districts in the Global South: Maboneng Precinct, innercity Johannesburg .................... 149 Christian M. Rogerson and Jonathan J. Rogerson The Saadiyat Island cultural district in Abu Dhabi ........................................................................... 155 Hamed Al Hamed, Shabbar Jaffry and Alexandros Apostolakis Creative heritage: Melaka and its past ............................................................................................. 163 Can‐Seng Ooi and Shevren Lai Animation breathes life into Chinese cities ...................................................................................... 171 Vincenzo de Masi and Yan Han Communality without collectivity .................................................................................................... 179 Daisy Tam High‐end luxury retail and the city: A timeline of Bond Street, Fifth Avenue, Omotesando‐Aoyama as luxury capitals of the world .......................................................................................................... 185 Bhakti Sharma Revitalizing Micronesia’s capital city of Hagåtña: Creating historic corridors ................................ 191 Fred R. Schumann Marvellous Melbourne – More than a city ....................................................................................... 197 Sally Webster Creative districts: Surry Hills, Sydney ................................................................................................ 203 Sing D’Arcy and Lisa Zamberlan The Old charm of Newtown: Exploring cultural diversity in Sydney’s Newtown ........................... 209 Siobhan Lyons Downtown New Bedford, Massachusetts: A case of creative placemaking in the United States . 217 Leila Valoura and Don Burton These boots are not only made for walking .................................................................................... 227 Juan Antonio Serrano García and Paloma Baquero Masats A Caribbean creative district ............................................................................................................. 233 Marsha Pearce Creative Artisans Districts In The Province Of Lima .......................................................................... 241 Charline Cayeman INTRODUCTION: CREATIVE DISTRICTS AROUND THE WORLD EDITORS INTRODUCTION LÉNIA MARQUES (CELTH, NHTV UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES, THE NETHERLANDS) GREG RICHARDS (UNIVERSITY OF TILBURG / CELTH, NHTV UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES, THE NETHERLANDS) Creativity has been a “buzz” word that seems to characterise the first years of the young 21st century. Although arts and culture have been playing a role in the life and development of cities for centuries, it has been only recently that studies have been considering the role of culture and, in a broader sense, creativity in the life and development of the city. Traditionally, arts and culture were mainly accessible for the elite, restricted to specific cultural locations. Creativity has also long been an important element of the image of various cities (for example, arts and bohemian life are embedded in the image of Paris). However, the more recent development of culture and creativity in cities has been a more diffuse, organic process, sometimes motivated by decision makers and sometimes stimulated by people living in these quarters. Creative districts are increasingly an integral part of the city and they are at the heart of the artistic life, often side by side with bohemian and alternative lifestyles. Bairro Alto, in the heart of Lisbon, is a district full of history, stories, struggles, creations and bohemia. In December 2013, this historic district celebrated its 500th anniversary and provided the catalyst for creating a snapshot of what is happening in creative districts around the world. Having undergone many historical, cultural and social changes, Bairro Alto has been redeveloping recently as a hub for night life, art and creativity in Lisbon. The Bairro becomes then an example of a variety of development processes, features and roles that entail diverse consequences in different places around the world. The case studies in this volume show that the core presence of creativity in some districts is not new, but has developed along many different trajectories over time. In each era of development, different stories are given a voice, and each phase of development has its own timeline. Creativity becomes part of an organic process of Introduction to: Marques, Lénia and Richards, Greg (eds) (2014) Creative districts around the world. Breda: CELTH / NHTV. URL: http://creativedistricts.imem.nl/ developing the district, being born, or implanted, and sometimes dying out. Some creative districts stem from medieval city quarters, others emerged in the post‐ industrial era or were part of the reconstruction of cities in the post‐World War II. Some districts are more traditionally orientated towards culture (cultural districts with museums and galleries), while others are mostly connected to ‘popular culture’, hubs for alternative lifestyles. Despite the variety of creative district forms and development