The dynamic of social capital, health and Jan Gilbertson economy Julie Manning Volunteering, social capital and civic engagement in South Yorkshire coalfield communities The dynamic of social capital, health and economy Volunteering, social capital and civic engagement in South Yorkshire coalfield communities Jan Gilbertson Julie Manning April 2006 A c k n o w l e d g This report supplements two earlier studies which examined e social capital within the South Yorkshire Coalfield areas of m Barnsley, Doncaster and Rotherham. It is financed by the e Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) for these areas and utilises survey n data collected as part of the earlier social capital studies. t s Thanks are due to the original Steering Group and, in particular, to Dr. Cathy Read who supported the devel- opment of this study, and helped the Centre for Regional and Economic Research (CRESR) at Sheffield Hallam University, secure additional funding for the project from Barnsley, Rotherham and Doncaster PCTs. We also wish to thank the regeneration managers in each of the nine communities. Their assessments of the impact of Area Based Initiatives on the creation of social capital carried out for the earlier report (The dynamic of social capital health and economy: The impact of regeneration in South Yorkshire coalfield communities, 2005) greatly assisted the writing of chapter four: levels of participation in the nine communities. We would like to acknowledge the contribution of members of the research team who worked with us on the earlier social capital report, particularly Geoff Green, who has provided advice and commented on drafts of this report, and Mike Grimsley. Mike originally developed the empowerment index and the notions of horizontal and vertical trust which figure towards the end of this report. Finally thanks go to all those representatives who were inter- ested in exploring how levels of participation might relate to particular aspects of social capital in the communities and who supported the development of this further study. C o n t e n t s Executive summary . 1 7. Trust and community participation . 23 Measuring trust 1. Introduction and background . 5 Trust and community participation Introduction Background 8. Social networks, reciprocal help and The 2000 and 2004 Surveys support and community participation . 25 Measuring social networks and reciprocal 2. The nine communities . 7 help and support Contextualising the nine communities Social networks, reciprocal help and support and community participation 3. Community participation . 9 9. Attitudes towards the area and Measuring community participation community participation . 27 Levels of community participation Measuring attitudes towards the area Levels of participation in different types of groups Attitudes towards the area and community participation 4. Levels of participation in the Who wants to move out of the area? and who is nine communities . 11 moving in? Levels of participation in the nine communities 10. Conclusions and potential policy implications . 29 Levels of participation in different types of groups Modelling levels of participation in the nine Appendices . 31 communities IMD scores and levels of participation 5. Who participates? . 17 Who is participating? Who is participating in what? 6. Civic engagement, efficacy and community participation . 21 Measuring civic engagement and efficacy Civic engagement, efficacy and community participation E x e c u t i v e s 1. Introduction and background Although the mixed areas are generally more prosperous, u 7 m Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2004 scores indicate Chapter 1 describes the main aims of the report, provides that all nine areas have more deprivation than the national m background information and details of the 2000 and 2004 average. Only Brinsworth has less deprivation, on average, a South Yorkshire social capital surveys from which the data than South Yorkshire as a whole. r y has been analysed. The communities are also typified by high levels of The main aim of the report is to explore the relationship unemployment, low average life expectancy, high levels of between volunteering or community participation on the one teenage pregnancies, high levels of premature deaths attrib- hand and civic engagement, efficacy, trust, neighbourhood utable to circulatory disease and low levels of educational reciprocity and attitudes towards the area on the other. attainment. The work builds on two earlier studies. In 2000, Sheffield All nine communities have regeneration teams and are under- Hallam University conducted a study of social capital in nine going a range of Area Based Initiatives (ABIs). coalfield communities of the South Yorkshire Coalfield. In 2004, Sheffield Hallam University was commissioned to build upon the baseline established in 2000 by re-examining social capital in the nine communities. 3. Community participation The 2000 survey interviewed 4219 residents across the nine communities and a response rate of 46 per cent was Chapter 3 explains how community participation was achieved. The 2004 survey interviewed 3771 residents measured in the 2000 and 2004 surveys. The chapter then across the same nine communities, of which 1071 were presents levels of participation and explores how levels have interviewed in both 2000 and 2004 (longitudinal element). changed between 2000 and 2004. The response rate in 2004 was 58 per cent overall and 55 per cent for the longitudinal element. Key findings from the 2004 survey include: I 42 per cent of residents are involved with local organisations I 39 per cent are participating with groups 2. The Study areas I 15 per cent indicate they are participating with two or more types of groups This study covers nine communities within the ex-coalfield area of South Yorkshire now covered by the South Yorkshire I Hobbies and social groups and sports groups are the Objective 1 Programme funded by the European Union. most popular types of groups (16 per cent hobbies and Chapter 2 contextualises these communities. social groups and 13 per cent sports groups) I Five per cent take part in adult education groups The nine communities, three from each of three boroughs (Barnsley, Doncaster and Rotherham) were chosen in 2000 The findings appear to represent a significant increase in to reflect the diversity of the coalfield. Two areas (Darfield levels of participation between 2000 and 2004 as only 21 and Brinsworth) are classified as mixed, two (Kendray and per cent of residents were involved in local groups in 2000. Intake) are inner urban and five (Thurnscoe, Denaby, However, caution needs to be applied when interpreting Moorends, Maltby and Rawmarsh) are pit villages. these change figures. It is, perhaps, likely that responses in 2004 are being influenced by the addition of a second, more probing question about the types of groups residents are involved with. 1 E x 4. Levels of participation in 5. Who participates? e the nine communities c Chapter 5 aims to understand who within the nine commu- u Chapter 4 explores levels of community participation in each nities is participating and what types of groups they are t i of the nine communities and examines how these levels, participating in. v potentially, relate to the initiatives and projects taking place e in the community. The chapter ends by exploring the The importance of exploring the different types of groups s relationship between levels of deprivation and levels of people are engaged with in addition to the standard general u participation. questions about participation is illustrated. Key findings m include: m Levels of participation are found to vary widely across the I Women, the more educated, owner occupiers and a nine communities. Key findings include: r private renters are the most likely to participate overall y I Residents from Rawmarsh are most likely to be involved I Women are more likely to participate in community, with local organisations adult education, health and religious groups as well as I Darfield residents are most likely to be involved with two in groups for children and older people. However, men or more types of groups, hobbies or social groups, are more likely to participate in hobbies or social sports groups and groups for older people groups and political or trade union groups I Residents from Moorends are most likely to have taken I Older people are more likely to be involved with groups part in groups overall and participate in children's for older people, religious groups and community groups and health groups groups but less likely to be involved with sports groups I Rawmarsh residents are most likely to participate in I Those with higher levels of education are more likely to religious groups participate in all types of groups. This is particularly true for adult education groups, health related groups and I Kendray residents are least likely to participate in all political or trade union groups types of groups except for hobbies and/or social groups (for which Intake residents are least likely to participate) and community groups (for which Denaby residents are least likely to participate) I There are no significant differences between the areas 6. Civic engagement, efficacy and in levels of participation in adult education or political community participation and trade union groups Chapter 6 describes how civic engagement and efficacy is Contextual information collected from the nine regeneration measured and then explores the relationship between civic managers provides insightful