Nr. 58 Juli 2019 SPG MITTEILUNGEN COMMUNICATIONS DE LA SSP Symposium 125th Anniversary of Georges Lemaître 21 November 2019, Kuppelsaal, Hauptgebäude, Universität Bern, Hochschulstrasse 4, 3012 Bern Georges Edouard Lemaître (1894 - 1966) was a Belgian physicist, astronomer, and Ro- man Catholic priest. He proposed an expanding universe and is the central founding fa- ther of the Big Bang model of the Universe. Afternoon Program Evening Program (14:15 - 18:00) (19:00 - 20:00) Harry Nussbaumer (ETH Zürich) Friedrich-Karl Thielemann (Universität Basel) Lemaître and the Astronomical Environ- Making the Elements in the Universe: ment of the 1920s From the Big Bang to Stars and Stellar While the PSI celebrated last year its 30th anniversary (p. 44), the Explosions Jean-Pierre Luminet (CNRS Marseille) SPS commemorates in 2019 two older jubelees: the 125th anniversa- Philosophical aspects and implications of Lemaître's contributions to modern ry of Georges Lemaître with a dedicated symposium (p. 58), and the cosmology UNESCO International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Ele- Norbert Straumann (Universität Zürich) Further information ments with a special session at our Joint Annual Meeting (p. 25). The On Lemaître's inhomogenous cosmolog- www.sps.ch ical model of 1933 and its recent revival www.scnat.ch picture on the left shows the presumably oldest periodic table still existent in the world (p. 3). Courtesy of the University of St Andrews Library (ms39012). Free entrance, no registration required Organisation: SPS: Claus Beisbart ([email protected]) SCNAT: Marc TürlerJoint ([email protected]) Annual Meeting of the SWISS PHYSICAL SOCIETY AUSTRIAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY 26 - 30 August 2019, Universität Zürich in collaboration with ASSOCIATION MANEP, NCCR QSIT AND SGN General Information: p. 11, preliminary program p. 14 SPG Mitteilungen Nr. 58 Inhalt - Contenu - Contents Editorial 3 Gemeinsame Jahrestagung in Zürich, 26. - 30. August 2019 - Réunion annuelle commune à Zürich, 26 - 30 août 2019 4 Vorwort - Avant propos 4 Generalversammlung 2019, Preisverleihungen - Assemblée générale 2019, Cérémonies de remise des prix 4 Informationen für die Mitglieder - Informations pour les membres 5 Allgemeine Tagungsinformationen - Informations générales sur la réunion 11 Vorläufige Programmübersicht - Aperçu préliminaire du programme 14 On the Origin of the Elements: Celebrating 150 Years of the Periodic Table in a joint special session of SCNAT and SPS 25 In Memoriam Claus Fröhlich 26 The Charpak-Ritz Prize 2019 is awarded to Benoît Deveaud 27 Progress in Physics (68): Physics Education Research - An Applied Science (part 1) 28 Milestones in Physics (15): New Materials: Symmetries, Dimensions, Structural Order and Disorder in Solids (part 2) 34 Meilensteine der Physik (16): Die CP-Verletzung im Standard Modell 40 30 Years of PSI: Evolving into a User Lab 44 Physicists in Industry (9): Switzerland Innovation: One Innovation Park at Five Sites 48 The SATW Technology Outlook TO2019 49 An Overview of Physics Olympiads and Tournaments at gymnasial and university level, national and international 51 25th Swiss Physics Olympiad finals in Aarau: Swiss teams for European and International Physics Olympiads selected 55 How we organized the IPT and (almost) survived 56 Rückblick Bürgi Symposium 57 Symposium 125th Anniversary of Georges Lemaître 58 Vorstandsmitglieder der SPG - Membres du Comité de la SSP Präsident - Président Physikausbildung und -förderung - Dr. Hans Peter Beck, Uni Bern, [email protected] Education et encouragement à la physique Vize-Präsident - Vice-Président Dr. Céline Lichtensteiger, Uni Genève, [email protected] Dr. Bernhard Braunecker, Braunecker Engineering GmbH, Prof. Andreas Müller, Uni Genève, [email protected] [email protected] Geschichte und Philosphie der Physik - Sekretär - Secrétaire Histoire et Philosophie de la Physique Dr. Lukas Gallmann, ETH Zürich, [email protected] Prof. Claus Beisbart, Uni Bern, [email protected] Kassier - Trésorier Physik der Erde, Atmosphäre und Umwelt - Dr. Dirk Hegemann, EMPA, [email protected] Physique du globe et de l'environnement Dr. Stéphane Goyette, Uni Genève, [email protected] Kondensierte Materie - Matière Condensée (KOND) Prof. Laura Heyderman, PSI & ETHZ, [email protected] Biophysik, Weiche Materie und Medizinische Physik - Prof. Henrik Rønnow, EPFL, [email protected] Biophysique, Matière molle et Physique médicale Prof. Giovanni Dietler, EPFL, [email protected] Angewandte Physik - Physique Appliquée (ANDO) Prof. Leonid Rivkin, PSI, [email protected] Dr. Laurie Porte, EPFL, [email protected] SPG Administration - Administration de la SSP Astrophysik, Kern- und Teilchenphysik - Allgemeines Sekretariat - Secrétariat générale Astrophysique, physique nucléaire et corp. (TASK) (Mitgliederverwaltung, Webseite, Druck, Versand, Redaktion Bulletin & SPG Mitteilungen) - Dr. Andreas Schopper, CERN, [email protected] (Service des membres, internet, impression, envoi, rédaction Bulletin & Communications Theoretische Physik - Physique Théorique (THEO) de la SSP) Prof. Philippe Jetzer, Uni Zürich, [email protected] S. Albietz, SPG Sekretariat, Departement Physik, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel Physik in der Industrie - Physique dans l‘industrie Tel. 061 / 207 36 86, Fax 061 / 207 37 84, [email protected] Dr. Andreas Fuhrer, IBM Rüschlikon, [email protected] Dr. Thilo Stöferle, IBM Rüschlikon, [email protected] Wissenschaftliche Redakteure - Rédacteurs scientifique Atomphysik und Quantenoptik - Dr. Bernhard Braunecker, [email protected] Physique Atomique et Optique Quantique Dr. MER Antoine Pochelon, [email protected] Prof. Philipp Treutlein, Uni Basel, [email protected] Prof. Jan Lacki, Uni Genève, [email protected] Impressum: Die SPG Mitteilungen erscheinen ca. 2-4 mal jährlich und werden an alle Mitglieder abgegeben. Abonnement für Nichtmitglieder: CHF 20.- pro Jahrgang (Inland; Ausland auf Anfrage), incl. Lieferung der Hefte sofort nach Erscheinen frei Haus. Bestellungen bzw. Kündigungen jeweils zum Jahresende senden Sie bitte formlos an folgende Adresse: Verlag und Redaktion: Schweizerische Physikalische Gesellschaft, Klingelbergstr. 82, CH-4056 Basel, [email protected], www.sps.ch Redaktionelle Beiträge und Inserate sind willkommen, bitte wenden Sie sich an die obige Adresse. Namentlich gekennzeichnete Beiträge geben grundsätzlich die Meinungen der betreffenden Autoren wieder. Die SPG übernimmt hierfür keine Verantwortung. Druck: Werner Druck & Medien AG, Kanonengasse 32, 4001 Basel 2 Communications de la SSP No. 58 Editorial Breakthroughs Hans Peter Beck, SPS President The title page of this edition of the SPG Mitteilungen fea- Georges Lemaître, who was born 125 years ago, was first tures fundamental breakthroughs in the history of science. A to recognize in 1927 that the Universe expands when rigor- periodic table, dated 1885 and found in the University of St. ously applying Einsteins’ general relativity and derived what Andrews’ School of Chemistry, is thought to be the oldest in became known as Hubble’s law two years before Hubble the world. This table is representative for the major break- published his landmark article. Rightfully, this law is now through Dmitry Mendeleev achieved, when he presented the called the Hubble-Lemaître law. Breakthroughs are impor- Dependence between the Properties of the Atomic Weights tant landmarks in the history of science and we like cele- of the Elements to the Russian Chemical Society in 1869. brating them in Symposia, Colloquia, and with public talks. The United Nations General Assembly and UNESCO there- A dedicated Lemaître Symposium, again jointly organized fore proclaim 2019 as the International Year of the Periodic by SPS and SCNAT, will take place on 21 November at the Table of Chemical Elements, the IYPT2019. University of Bern. All details on this special Symposium can be found on page 58. As SPS, we have enough reason to celebrate the IYPT2019, which we will do with a physicists’ perspective on the ori- The remaining title pictures show impressions from the Paul gin and abundances of the elements in the Universe, the Scherrer Institute, which celebrated last year its 30th anni- Solar System and on Earth, where the structure of atomic versary. Breakthroughs and other highlights achieved at PSI nuclei, and the inner structure of the protons and neutrons in these last 30 years are detailed on p. 44. that make up the nuclei, come into play. In a special dedi- cated session at its annual meeting in Zürich, On the Origin Breakthroughs are not only important when looking back in of the Elements, jointly organized by SPS and SCNAT, the history. Breakthroughs, small or big ones, are what we all IYPT2019 will be celebrated with three overview talks cov- active in research, or simply as interested observers, long ering historical remarks, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and the for. We do so when trying to shape out our next steps in re- creation of heavy elements in stellar explosions. Details can search and development, writing funding proposals, talking all be found on page 25. to stake holders, or to the public at large. Breakthroughs cannot be planned easily, but resilience and persistency The notion of Big Bang nucleosynthesis brings us seam- will finally lead to success. Sometimes a breakthrough may lessly to the 2nd breakthrough featured on the title page. even come from an unforeseen and unplanned direction. Oldest known