Appendices I. Archival Sources Archival research for this monograph was conducted in Lviv, the former capital of Galicia, in 1983. To orient myself in the rich archival holdings of this city, I benefitted from the unpublished manuscript of Patricia K. Grimsted's forthcoming guide to Soviet Ukrainian archives and manuscript repositories' as well as from a number of published works.' Plans to use archives in Ternopil and Ivano-Frankivsk were frustrated, as was the plan to use the manuscript collection of the Institute of Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (in Kiev). Work in the Austrian archives in 1982 did not uncover sources of direct relevance to the subject of this monograph, but the Viennese archives remain an important and little-explored repository of historical documentation on Galician history. The richest collection of unpublished sources on the history of Galicia during the Austrian period is located in the Central State Historical Archives of the Ukrainian SSR in Lviv (U Tsentrainyi derzhavnyi istorychnyi arkhiv URSR u rn. Lvovi; abbre- viated as TsDIAL). The Central Archives have inherited the papers of various Galician government institutions and major civic organizations. Unfortunately, there is no published guide to these archives, although a number of articles describe aspects of their holdings.' The papers of the Presidium of the Galician Viceroy's Office (U Haiytske narnisnytstvo, rn. Lviv. Prezydiia) are contained in TsDIAL, fond 146, opysy 4-8 (and presumably others). Particularly valuable for this study were documents dealing with the publication and confiscation of political brochures and periodicals, including , Patricia K. Grimsted, Archives and Manuscript Repositories in the USSR: Ukraine and Moldavia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, forthcoming). , V. Borys, "Dokumentalni materialy pro stavlennia selian Halychyny do ahrarnoi reformy 1848 r.," Arkhivy Ukrainy, no. I (1966): 56-63. Derzhavni arkhivy Ukrainskoi RSR. Korotkyi dovidnyk (Kiev: Naukova dumka, 1972). Stanislaw Franciszek Gajerski, "ZrOdla do dziejow pollfdniowo-wschodniej Polski w bibliotekach i archiwach Lwowa," Studia Historyczne 20, no. 2 (77) (1977): 295-302. Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, "Lviv Manuscript Collections and Their Fate," Harvard Ukrainian Studies 3-4 (1979-80): 348-75. N.F. Vradii, "Arkhivni dokumenty pro pidnesennia revoliutsiinoho rukhu v Halychyni na pochatku XX st.," Arkhivy Ukrainy, no. 5 (1973): 56-60. S. Zlupko, "Materialy Ivivskykh arkhivoskhovyshch z istorii ukrainskoi ekonomichnoi dumky epokhy kapitalizmu," Naukovo-informatsiinyi biuleten Arkhivnoho upravlinnia URSR, no. 5 (55) (1962): 65-9. 3 See especially: Kravets, "Dzherela." N.F. Vradii, "Tsentralnyi derzhavnyi istorychl\yi arkhiv URSR u m. Lvovi," Arkhivy Ukrainy, no. 4 (132) (July-August 1975): 41-7. 226 Appendix I Batkivshchyna, 1877-85 (opys 7, odynytsi zberezhennia rod. zb.)' 4149, 4220, 4240, 4276, 4278, 4320, 4352). These included correspondence with the Austrian ministry of the interior and quarterly reports prepared by the Lviv police on the press run of political periodicals. The materials were in Polish and German. Also among the materials of the Galician Viceroy's Office, fond 146, opysy 64, 64a and 64b, were the documents of the so-called servitudes commission, officially known as the Crownland Commission on the Redemption and Regulation of Land Obligations (U Halytske namisnytstvo, m. Lviv. Kraiova komisiia u spravakh vykupu i vrehuliuvannia pozemelnykh povynnostei; G Grundlasten-Ablosungs- und Regulierungs Landes Kommission). These acts deal with disputes between the manor and peasant commune over rights to forests and pastures. The acts form an exceedingly large corpus of documentation. Generally, a single servitudes case, encompassing one or more villages, takes up about five folders of over a hundred leaves each. Each individual act (od. zb.) is labelled, with some variations, The Case of Servitude Disputes over the Right to Use Forests and Pastures of the Inhabitants of the Village of ... , ... Circle (U Sprava pro servitutni superechky za pravo korystuvannia lisamy i pasovyskamy zhyteliv s. .. .. okruhu). The arrangement of the individual cases within opysy 64 and 64b (the status of 64a is not clear to me) is by a combination of geographical, alphabetical, chronological and thematic criteria. After an initial section in opys 64 containing the general papers of the servitudes commission, the individual cases are segregated by district, although this is not indi- cated on the covers of the folders, which provide only the name of the village and its circle. The districts follow one another in Ukrainian alphabetical order. Within each district, cases are again ordered alphabetically according to the name of the principal village involved. The folders (od. zb.) within each case appear in roughly chronological order, but with some thematic divisions as well. Chronologically, the documentation focuses on the period from the mid-1850s to the early 1870s, although many documents from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries are included in the folders as well as a few copies of documents of even earlier provenance; later documents can also be found, some even from the I 920s. The languages of the servitude documents are primarily German and Polish, but some older documents are in Latin and there is some use of Ukrainian; more rarely, only in signatures, Yiddish appears. The main thematic focus of the servitude documents is, of course, the servitude disputes proper. But in addition to illuminating the struggle for forests and pastures between landlords and peasants, the servitude acts contain an untapped treasury of in- formation on other topics, ranging from the occupation of village Jews under serfdom to the history of vernacular architecture and construction in late-nineteenth-century Galicia. For the purposes of this monograph, however, these sources have been used to learn about serfdom and the servitudes struggle as well as to acquire information on the family background, mobility, age and civic involvement of the peasant-activists of the mid-1880s. Related to the servitude documents are the Materials concerning Property Disputes of Peasants with Landowners in Galicia (R Materialy ob imushchestvennykh sporakh krestian s zemlevladeltsami v Galitsii). They were originally the papers of the Tenth Department of the Galician Gubernium, which dealt with the so-called "matters concerning subjects [i.e., serfs]" (G Unterthanssache) or "public-political matters" (L Publico-Politica). Now they are housed in TsDIAL, fond 146 (Galician Viceroy's Office), opys 87. I was able to consult fifteen of these folders (od. zb. 1116-30), each of which consisted of about 180 leaves. The acts emanated from 1847 and early 1848 (before the revolution); the primary language of the documents was German, and TABLE IS TsDIAL, 146J64-64b (Servitudes Commission): Holdings Consulted Fond Opys Od. zb. Village(s) Circle District 146 64 1-6 General papers of the commission, 1855-64 146 64 37-42 Baznykivka, Saranchuky Berezhany Berezhany 146 64 197-200 Mechyshchiv Berezhany Berezhany 146 64 605, 609 Hrabivets, Pakhivka, Sadzhava Stanyslaviv Bohorodchany 146 64 637 Solotvyna Stanyslaviv Bohorodchany 146 64 656-61 Solotvyna, Maniava, Markiv Stanyslaviv Bohorodchany :>..., (') 146 64 676 Solotvyna, Khmelivka Stanyslaviv Bohorodchany ::r 146 64 735-43 Hlubichok, Lanivtsi, Tsyhany Chortkiv Borshchiv <i' 146 64 1031 Hai Smolenski Zolochiv Brody Eo en 0 146 64 1123-5 Mykolaiv Zolochiv Brody ~ ..., 146 64 1153-5 Nakvasha Zolochiv Brody (') 0 146 64 1189 Rudenko Liatske Zolochiv Brody '" 146 64 1190-2 Smorzhiv, Stremilche Zolochiv Brody 146 64a 1-12 Hanusivtsi Stanyslaviv Stanyslaviv 146 64a 467-9 Lanchyn Stanyslaviv Nadvirna 146 64a 972-3 Nahuievychi Sambir Drohobych 146 64b 578-9 Zhydiatychi Lviv Lviv 146 64b 1119-22 Fytkiv Stanyslaviv Nadvirna 146 64b 2285-96 Dobrianychi, Korelychi Berezhany Peremyshliany 146 64b 2800 Verkhrata Zhovkva Rava Ruska 146 64b 2936 Novosilky Kardynalski Zhovkva Rava Ruska tv tv -.J tv tv 00 Fond Opys Od. zb. Village(s) Circle District 146 64b 2974-5 Uhniv Zhovkva Rava Ruska 146 64b 3212-19 Kunashiv Berezhany Rohatyn 146 64b 4244 Vydyniv Kolomyia Sniatyn 146 64b 4247-8 Demyche Kolomyia Sniatyn 146 64b 4249 Dzhuriv Kolomyia Sniatyn 146 64b 4359-73 Korchyn, Rozhdzhaliv Zhovkva Sokal 146 64b 4437-46 Pozdymyr, Radvantsi, Zhovkva Sokal Skomorokhy 146 64b 4843-50 Volytsia, Vivnia, Dobriany Stryi Stryi ;l> 146 64b 4940-4 Lysiatychi Stryi Stryi '0 '0(l ::l 0- x' Archival Sources 229 Polish figured only secondarily. These materials are difficult to use because the arrangement of the acts is chronological, as the viceroy's office took up each case, with no provision for geographic and thematic organization. In addition to providing information on property disputes between lord and peasant, the acts also document excessive physical abuse of serfs by the manor (G Misshandlungen). The coverage of incidents is far from exhaustive, since these documents only register abuse that a peasant reported, the circle authorities confirmed and the manor then appealed. Still, the documents record a great number of cases and afford an important insight into the workings of the feudal system on the eve of the abolition of serfdom. On the whole, however, the Materials concerning Property Disputes did not prove very useful for this monograph. Of more relevance were the papers of the Criminal Division of the Crownland Court in Lviv (U Kraiovyi