:t WINNTjER AND SUMMER ANCE SERIES' IN ZUF4 I",N 1918: By .,,,ELSIE CLEWS PARSONS UNIVIERSITY OF CALFORNA PUB-iCATIONS ZIs AMPRI(AI LARcTiAEOLOGY AND.E"NOLOGY. VOl 17, No. 3; PP. 171-216 E; r ,7,N UNIVERSITY ,OF CA4.AFORN1A,PE ;ER CALIFORNIA UN-VERSITY OF CALIFGORNA PUBLICATIONS TDEP.ARTENT- OP ANTHROPOLOGY - e following publica1iiona dealingwitSh&rchaeogical and etbllIogical subjcssed : nder the direition of-th Department of Athrpoogyare sen ii ech;ang fobhes publ- cations of anth log'cal 0daents and museus, add. for jouraLs &evoed to general anthropology or to archaolog edetiology. They arek for sale at the prices ttaed.- .Exchan.ges should be'lrectd to The Ebha4ge Deptn U ty ibry, Berleley eCalifia, U. S. A. All eorderssand rextances sould be addessed to the Universi of califoa Press." AM RICAN ARCHAZOLOGY A"P ETHNOLOGY.-A,'. E:iober, -Editr. PriCS :-Volume ll, $4.25; Volumes 2 -ot11, Inclusive :$3.50 eacb; Volue :12 ad followin,- $5.00 each. Ci-Oted.- aF---Unbiv. L tPubL Am.-Arch- Ethn : , e VoL 1. i. Life and- & u1re of t Hupa, by P3?ny arle Goddr. Pp. 1%8, plates 19031I30.Sepe _.. ....... .......... ....$1.2 >f2. UipaWexta by Pliny Eazle Goddd.. Pp. 89-368. March, 1904 ,....- . 3.00 Index, pp. 369478. 0 - VoL 2. 1. The Exploration of the Potter Crtek Cave, by William J. Sinclair. P. --..2--; plates 1-14. April, 1904Ar -- .40 2. The Languages of the oastof CAliforni South o-a Fnc1isc0o by A. L. Kroeborer. Pply.,29-8- wth a map. June, 1904 .. ..... so 3.' typesof Indian cult1*6in orni, by A. L. :rebr.rPp. 81103. June ::-4. Baset: Designs of theli s of Northwestern' California, by A L. Kroeber.P 105164;,platesX2i1,.January, 1905 ...................75 52 Th0vokUts Language ot0ettralB uth Caliorna,by 'A.L oeber. p. ; 165-377..January, 1297 5................ 4 ..-pp.S379-392. -Voi8. The Morhlolyof ttheHupa-Laguagq, by PlSEarle6 Lod 34 jppd - t~~~~~711X 190 . ......;.. VoL 4,. 1.Ti-e Etarlest storilcalR,elati between xco ani Japa, frohi original .docuueuOts preserred in Spa a1d J>pan y Z Nuttal* Pp. 147. > dX }0- ................. *----wr* <*-----''-~' ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p......i 2. ContribIon t tthe Phyca ntropol*y,of 0 oi,6 bad o; co- In.`-si the epartment ofAothrpolo te ei ofalifornia, a in;-;- the. U¶ & National Museum, by Ales Hrdiecka. P. -64 ,with 5 tables, plate 1-10, aStdmap. June, 1906 -- . .75 :8-.The ofh neanDialects of CaUf9rnia, by .L KoebOt. Pp.65i-:;166." February, .1901 -.^ ...--.-..--.--.-. 1.50*l ; :: -:4.;Idiax Myths from South Cer Californ, -by -a. Xroeber. Pp. A-67- i- ~~~260. M ; 907 tj s tr >i> --------v \ 7 -~5..The-Washo Lguage of <v CetbaA Califora andN by A! lL. Y;toebOrPp 251418.; eptember- 1907 ...-.......7..... 8. 'The,R6*eligionof, thte Indidans Ci YA. I oeb p. 89458. -eptember, 1907, .50 Index,, pp.357-3;74i 7. Vol.5.1o The Phonology of the1 paii an ge; Pat Z The IndividualBoSon4nb; -'P-ly flare Goddard.r Pp, 1-20, plates 1-8. Mrcb,' 1 0_ u- .:~2. Nivalho Myths,t Prayes ad Songswith etsadX TransIgtoim by WIash- -- ; ington Mattews, edigted by Pliny ;E:le SGoddd Pp. 21-83 Septm.. - ;. -;0bert 1907 . P--~-_.*v+;*a. .,. ...... .75; ->- 3.5 Ka.e-- Texts, byPtd :ate: Goddard. Pp. 65238 pe 9d Deceer, 1909 2.50 -''\\ E |- ^4.u~illto5.ThThepUltn*-^>eYhmrkMaterial'gitCulturIniaselJ----.-.--of-,andt}z.Kamath~agug~~b-Lake*eo--^!,-*d4Mo4ocoadB--------^DxnBidiansp2330of Norh- -> > ~eastern Ca)J$ornidaandSothrnOrgo,~g by . A.TBrtt. Pp?. 239-292, X~~~- In¢i,rdex PP.A~~~~~~.~b P4381-384. e-'D{~,G''.od> rpl8''aP\t'"'-9''4-''',iT''"De 4ibe " ' .50 VoL- t. The tthno.Gepgraphiy -of the ?omo and: Neighboring Inas, by Samnel. i00'Aedaret. Pp. 12, p. 1-2.' b r, 19A8 .........'......."-8. 75' Index, pp. S-- 2. The GeOgrax d381400.61aDiaets of the iwok Indians, by Samel' A09re tetflgree Jue,187.Q 4. On' the Evidence pf 1the Obccptionof Cerain egio abs theof iort'h- ;e:ans, y'A. I. Jreber. Pp. 369480; 't-g,;-A*Nos 2 6n3i o cove. Peba, 198 ............. '50 0~~~~~~Th 'G6k, And 3Dzso the, k b ; : Vol.7. 1. 2iie Pu11eryl1,0 8he,lmaounid, W:Max-iUhle.' Pp. 1-106,X Uplates;'Om1-I2Z wih 33-. - R , - -;2. tecet -Inv'etIggtioii bearing uwon the Que4sQtio of te 9ccnrrence of-''T VO6 Thq.Neocene-Ma,n inth:e Auriferusi Gravel oi C ok.Tnd lliai W incla!* Pp. 107430 plates 114. FePly, 1 ........... .......1.....1- WINTER AND SUMMER DANCE SERIES IN ZURI IN 1918 BY ELSIE CLEWS PARSONS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS IN AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY. Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 171-216, 2 figures in text Issued August 19, 1922 WINTER AND SUMMER DANCE SERIES IN ZURI IN 1918 BY ELSIE CLEWS PARSONS PART I. KOYUPCHONAKYA' A few weeks after itiwana,2 the winter solstice ceremonial, during a period of five or six weeks, each of the six Zufii kiwitsiwe3 or estufas presents a koko (kachina) dance, a dance of masked impersonations, the other kiwitsiwe likewise sending out or not, as each may wish, a group of dancers. When a kiwitsine does not wish to participate fully, it may send out an atoshle4 impersonation or any other single figure to dance with another kiwitsine group. As the series of dances progresses, an increasing number of kiwitsiwe participate fully until in the final dance of the series it is usual for all the kiwitsiwe to present sets of dancers.5 The komosona6 is said to determine the order of presentation by the kiwitsiwe. Formally, the kiwitsine presenting the dance7 gives to the kiwitsine next in order a cigarette, sending it by the two impersonators who appear in the kosawia (ko ex koko, sawia, tell, let know, bring news), a rite of announcement of the coming dance, performed two, three, or four days in advance.8 Theoretically, the masked dance presented is the kok'okshi,9 or what appears to be a variation of the kok'okshi called upikyaiupona (b). During the series of the season of 1918 the kok'okshi proper was presented only once, the upikyaiupona was presented on four occasions, and the final dance was neither kok'okshi nor a variation,'0 but toichak- wena (c). The dances given in the winter are repeated in the summer in the winter order-at least theoretically. "The koyupchonawe are koko awan itiwana, the itiwana of the koko," perhaps a way of saying, in view of the fact that at itiwana the year's ceremonial program is drawn up, that with the koyupchonawe the year's program for the koko is determined. In both the afternoon rite of the kosawia and the evening dances of the koyupchonawe, houses and not kiwitsiwe are in use. The kiwitsine appears to be falling into disuse at Zufii-lperhaps because the large 172 University of California Pubblicatioens in Anm. Arch. ansd Ethn. [Vol. 17 rooms built in con'nection with the koko awial are more commodious. But these substituted rooms are referred to by people as kiwitsiwe, just as lightning, rain, or cloud symbols are called "light'ning," "rain, "clouds.". FOURTH KOYUPCHONANE I arri'ved at Zu-ni this -year (1918) on February 16, the day after the kosawia by muhewa kiwitsine, the fourth kosawia, and I stayed through the final koyupchonane on Mar-ch 5.1 (See table II.) In reading the following discursive account of the public ceremonials from February 17 to March 5 and of what could be learned of the exclusilve kosawia, I beg the reader to turn to the tabulated presentations of the dances (tables I-V) as a guide, however inadequate, through their bewildering complexity--bewildering not only to the reader -of a report but be- wildering to the onlooker himnself at Zu-nl. Early in the afternoon of February 17, in looking for my interpreter, I came, up to the house on the south side of the town in which lives Waihusiwa, head of the palto or East side ashiwanz or rain priests, and shiwani of the East. Waihusiwa was chopping wood outside and he motioned me in. The house was that in which the sayatashall group had been entertained 'in the recent koko awia.4 Its big room was to be used at the koyupchonane that night, and members of the tikyane (fraternity) who were to sing in the house, the halokwell (Ant fraternity), were occupied 'settling up their altar (teshkwine).l It was set up as usual, when the shape of the room permits, in the west end and faced east. One man was hanging up the figure of achiyalatopa;l7 that accom- plished, he shifted the stepladder to the center of the room to put into th'e fresh teshkwine in the ceilingl8 what I took to be a rhombus. Out toward- the middle of the floor was a basket for the feather-sticks which one man after another brought in under' his blanket and gave to the wo'le (servant-director"9 or, specifically in this case, the -oti"kya mosi, danace head) of the kiwitsine whose group was associated for the time with this house.2 In one of the two cases I noticed, the. corn husk wrapped around the ends of the sticks was removed before putting the sticks' into their encircling place in the basket. Ordinarily, the corn husk wrapping is left on -until the sticks are put in the ground, and even then in many cases I hav'e found them uneoved. The exceedingly complex ritual of the feather-stick prayer-offering is 'subject to endless variation. That evening at 7:30 I went into the house of the muhekwe (figure 1,a house which in 1.915 I had seen serve for the muhewa shalako.2 During the following hour three-fourths of the floor space filled up with 1922] Parsons: Winter and Summrer Dance Series in Zuiii in 1918 173 the usual audience of women, babies, and little children, and at last a dozen or more members of the Little Firebrand fraternity (makye ts'anakwe) took up their position around the pottery drum to the left of the ground altar23 (owing to the construction of this house the altar faces south).