PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI THE REFLECTION OF THE CONCEPT OF MARRIAGE OF HEIAN JAPANESE ARISTOCRACY REVEALED IN MURASAKI SHIKIBU’S THE TALE OF GENJI AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By YUNITA PRABANDARI Student Number: 084214081 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2015 PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI THE REFLECTION OF THE CONCEPT OF MARRIAGE OF HEIAN JAPANESE ARISTOCRACY REVEALED IN MURASAKI SHIKIBU’S THE TALE OF GENJI AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By YUNITA PRABANDARI Student Number: 084214081 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2015 ii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI iii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI iv PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI v PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma Nama : Yunita Prabandari Nomor Mahasiswa : 084214081 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul THE REFLECTION OF THE CONCEPT OF MARRIAGE OF HEIAN JAPANESE ARISTOCRACY REVEALED IN MURASAKI SHIKIBU’S THE TALE OF GENJI Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal 31 Juli 2015 vi PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI ”No feeling will come across to others if you don’t put them into words.” ~Daidouji Tomoyo, Card Captor Sakura~ “There is no such a thing as coincidence in this world, There only is necessity.” ~Ichihara Yuuko, XXXHolic~ “Sometimes indeed a woman should even pretend to know less than she knows, or say only a part of what she would like to say…” ~Uma no Kami, The Tale of Genji~ vii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI For My Savior, Jesus Christ My Parents My Lovely Younger Sister My Family My Beloved Best friends With all the LOVE that Jesus has thought me viii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I thank my Saviour, Jesus Christ who gives His guidance and strengthen me to finish this undergraduate thesis. I also thank to my advisor, Elisa Dwi Wardani, S.S., M.Hum. for being patient to guide and help me during my thesis writing process. I would like to thank her for her support and suggestions to improve and make my thesis better. I thank my co-advisor, Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S.,M. Hum. for her guidance to fix any weakneses and improve my thesis to be better. I would also thank all of the lecturers and staff of English Letters Department at Sanata Dharma University. I thank them for their support during my study. Then, I thank my beloved and wonderful parents, Aprijanto Warsito and Danny Aryatun, for their everlasting love and support during my study and in my life. I would also thank my lovely younger sister Silvia Putri Antonia who always helps me and cheers me up all the time, and my big family for their love and support during my thesis writing process. I thank all my friends in English Letters Department, for being best friends, best family and great supporter in my thesis writing process. I would also thank my Best Friends Forever, Monica Bendatu, Julian Trlidanti, Hanna Maria, Ika Fitri Purnamasari, Hijikata Toshiba, who always suport me and help me in many way during my writing process. I also thank them for their love and also for letting me be a part of their wonderful life. Yunita Prabandari ix PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………....... ii APPROVAL PAGE……………………………………………………. iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE………………………………………………... iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY………………………………….. v LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH……... vi MOTTO PAGE…………………………………………………………. vii DEDICATION PAGE………………………………………………….. viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………… ix TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………. x ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………….. xii ABSTRAK………………………………………………………………. xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION……………………………………… 1 A. Background of the Study……………………………………. 1 B. Problem Formulation………………………………………… 7 C. Objectives of the Study……………………………………… 7 D. Definition of Terms………………………………………….. 9 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………… 11 A. Review of Related Studies…………………………………... 11 1. Masterpiece of World Literature ……………………… 11 2. The World of the Shining Prince…………………… 12 3. Guide to the Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu…… 13 B. Review of Related Theories…………………………………. 15 1. Theory of Character and Characterization.......................................................... 15 2. Theory of Setting........................................................ 16 C. Review of Heian Era of Japan Histories…………….………. 18 D. Review on Marriage During Heian Era……….……....……. 19 E. Theoretical Framework………………………………………. 20 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY…………………………………... 22 A. Object of the Study………………………………………….. 22 B. Approach of the Study………………………………………. 24 C. Method of the Study…………………………………………. 25 x PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS……………………………………………. 27 A. The Description about The Characters and Their Marriages……………………………………………..………. 27 1. The Description of the Emperor’s Character in Correlation to his Marriage ……………………….... 28 2. The Description of Genji's Character and Marriages' in Relation to their Marriage Life……....................... 33 B. The Reflection of The Aristocratic Social Life in Heian era Through The Setting of The Novel…………………………. 39 C. The Reflection of the Concept of Heian Japanese Aristocratic Marriage Presented Through the Characters’ Marriages and the Setting in the Novel……………………………………… 47 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION………………………………………… 53 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………. 56 APPENDIX.............................................................................................. 57 Summary of Murasaki Shikibu,s The Tale of Genji……….......... 57 xi PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI ABSTRACT PRABANDARI, YUNITA. The Reflection of the Concept of Marriage of Heian Japanese Aristocracy Revealed in Murasaki Shikibu’s The Tale of Genji Translated by Arthur Waley. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2015. The Tale of Genji written by Murasaki Shikibu is a story about the life of Hikaru Genji. The novel brings some issues about the culture of Heian Japanese aristocracy. The Tale of Genji is known as one of the few Japanese texts that (in the modern period) have had a global reach and it is also coming to be recognized as perhaps the world first novel. By that the writer wants to enrich the list of the literature which is used as the object of undergraduate thesis of English Letters Study Program. The purpose of this research is to find the concept of marriage of Heian Japanese aristocracy which is reflected in the novel. The first objective is to reveal and describe some important characters which are the most important element that have direct relation with the issue. The second objective is to describe the aristocratic society’s life that exists in the story. The last objective is to show the concept of marriage of Heian Japanese aristocracy by relating the concept of marriage with the description of the characters and the society. The writer used library research for this study. The primary source was the novel The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu translated by Arthur Waley. The secondary sources were taken from various sources that conducted the analysis by considering its relevancy and appropriateness. The society mentioned in the novel is limited only about the aristocrats and imperial people. The first idea about the concept of Heian Japanese Aristocratic marriage is that the aristocrats follow the polygamy system, but it only works for the men since the society use patriarchal system. The second concept of Heian Japanese Aristocratic marriage is the equality of rank or social status between the groom and the bride decided to be the official/principal wife. The men allowed to have many concubines and it does not require rank equality. The third is the purposes of the marriage itself. The purposes are to legalize the relationship between two lovers, to gain prosperity and social status, and to bind two families which are agreed to give mutual benefit to each other. xii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN