for Materials under High Neutron Fluence Research Application Reactor IAEA-TECDOC-1659 spine: 10.9 IAEA-TECDOC-1659 n RESEARCH Reactor APPLicatioN FOR MateriaLS UNDER HIGH NEUTRON FLUENCE VIENNA ISSN 1011–4289 ISBN 978–92–0–116010–2 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY ENERGY ATOMIC INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH REACTOR APPLICATION FOR MATERIALS UNDER HIGH NEUTRON FLUENCE The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GHANA NORWAY ALBANIA GREECE OMAN ALGERIA GUATEMALA PAKISTAN ANGOLA HAITI PALAU ARGENTINA HOLY SEE PANAMA ARMENIA HONDURAS PARAGUAY AUSTRALIA HUNGARY PERU AUSTRIA ICELAND PHILIPPINES AZERBAIJAN INDIA POLAND BAHRAIN INDONESIA PORTUGAL BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF QATAR BELARUS IRAQ REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BELGIUM IRELAND ROMANIA BELIZE ISRAEL RUSSIAN FEDERATION BENIN ITALY SAUDI ARABIA BOLIVIA JAMAICA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAPAN SENEGAL BOTSWANA JORDAN SERBIA BRAZIL KAZAKHSTAN SEYCHELLES BULGARIA KENYA SIERRA LEONE BURKINA FASO KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE BURUNDI KUWAIT SLOVAKIA CAMBODIA KYRGYZSTAN SLOVENIA CAMEROON LATVIA SOUTH AFRICA CANADA LEBANON SPAIN CENTRAL AFRICAN LESOTHO SRI LANKA REPUBLIC LIBERIA SUDAN CHAD LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA SWEDEN CHILE LIECHTENSTEIN SWITZERLAND CHINA LITHUANIA SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA LUXEMBOURG TAJIKISTAN CONGO MADAGASCAR THAILAND COSTA RICA MALAWI THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CÔTE D’IVOIRE MALAYSIA REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CROATIA MALI TUNISIA CUBA MALTA TURKEY CYPRUS MARSHALL ISLANDS UGANDA CZECH REPUBLIC MAURITANIA UKRAINE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MAURITIUS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES OF THE CONGO MEXICO UNITED KINGDOM OF DENMARK MONACO GREAT BRITAIN AND DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MONGOLIA NORTHERN IRELAND ECUADOR MONTENEGRO EGYPT MOROCCO UNITED REPUBLIC EL SALVADOR MOZAMBIQUE OF TANZANIA ERITREA MYANMAR UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ESTONIA NAMIBIA URUGUAY ETHIOPIA NEPAL UZBEKISTAN FINLAND NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA FRANCE NEW ZEALAND VIETNAM GABON NICARAGUA YEMEN GEORGIA NIGER ZAMBIA GERMANY NIGERIA ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. IAEA-TECDOC-1659 RESEARCH REACTOR APPLICATION FOR MATERIALS UNDER HIGH NEUTRON FLUENCE Proceedings of an IAEA Technical Meeting (TM -34779) INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2011 COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed to the IAEA Publishing Section at: Sales and Promotion, Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria fax: +43 1 2600 29302 tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 email: [email protected] http://www.iaea.org/books For further information on this publication, please contact: Physics Section Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria email: [email protected] © IAEA, 2011 Printed by the IAEA in Austria May 2011 IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Research reactor application for materials under high neutron fluence. – Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2011. p. ; 30 cm. – (IAEA-TECDOC series, ISSN 1011-4289 ; no. 1659) ISBN 978-92-0-116010-2 Includes bibliographical references. 1. Nuclear reactors. 2. Materials – Testing. 3. Irradiation 4. Neutron flux. I. International Atomic Energy Agency. II. Series. IAEAL 11-00683 FOREWORD Research reactors (RRs) have played, and continue to play, a key role in the development of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and technology. The role of the IAEA is to assist Member States in the effective utilization of these technologies in various domains of research such as fundamental and applied science, industry, human health care and environmental studies, as well as nuclear energy applications. In particular, material testing reactors (MTRs), serve as unique tools in scientific and technological development and they have quite a wide variety of applications. Today, a large range of different RR designs exist when compared with power reactors and they also have different operating modes, producing high neutron fluxes, which may be steady or pulsed. Recently, an urgent need has arisen for the development of new advanced materials, for example in the nuclear industry, where RRs offer capacities for irradiation programmes. Besides the scientific and research activities and commercial applications, RRs are also used extensively for educational training activities for scientists and engineers. This report is a compilation of outputs of an IAEA Technical Meeting (TM-34779) held on Research Reactor Application for Materials under High Neutron Fluence. The overall objective of the meeting was to review typical applications of small and medium size RRs, such as material characterization and testing, neutron physics and beam research, neutron radiography and imaging as well as isotope production and other types of non-nuclear applications. Several issues were discussed during the meeting, in particular: (1) recent development of irradiation facilities, specific irradiation programmes and their implementation; (2) effective and optimal RR operation regimes for irradiation purposes; (3) sharing of best practices and existing technical knowledge; and (4) fostering of advanced or innovative technologies, e.g. information exchange and effective collaboration. This publication summarizes all individual reports presented by participants during the TM, and presents the overall conclusions and main findings identified and agreed during the meeting. The IAEA acknowledges the valuable contributions of individual participants as well as experts who reviewed and finalized this report, particularly L. Debarberis (Netherlands) and V. Kryukov. The IAEA officers responsible for this publication were A. Zeman and P. Salame of the Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences. EDITORIAL NOTE The papers in these Proceedings (including the figures, tables and references) have undergone only the minimum copy editing considered necessary for the reader’s assistance. The views expressed remain, however, the responsibility of the named authors or participants. In addition, the views are not necessarily those of the governments of the nominating Member States or of the nominating organizations. Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information contained in this publication, neither the IAEA nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from its use. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights. Material prepared by authors who are in contractual relation with governments is copyrighted by the IAEA, as publisher, only to the extent permitted by the appropriate national regulations. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2. CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES OF NUCLEAR REACTOR BASED RESEARCH IN BANGLADESH .............................. 7 S.B. Hossain, M.A. Zulquarnain, I. Kamal, M.N. Islam CHAPTER 3. UTILIZATION OF EGYPTIAN RESEARCH REACTOR AND MODES OF COLLABORATION............................................................. 15 M.A. Gaheen, M.K. Shaat CHAPTER 4. STATUS OF RESEARCH REACTOR UTILIZATION IN BRAZIL ...... 21 J.A. Perrotta CHAPTER 5. LVR-15 REACTOR APPLICATION FOR MATERIAL TESTING ....... 33 M. Marek, J. Kysela, J. Burian CHAPTER 6. MATERIAL IRRADIATION AT HANARO, KOREA ............................ 41 K.N. Choo, M.S. Cho, B.G. Kim, Y.H. Kang, Y.K. Kim CHAPTER 7. ANGLE SOFTWARE FOR SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTOR GAMMA-EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS: APPLICABILITY TO REACTOR NEUTRON FLUX CHARACTERIZATION ........................ 51 S. Jovanovic, A. Dlabac CHAPTER 8. APPLICATION OF DIGITAL MARKER EXTENOMETRY TO DETERMINE THE TRUE STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOUR OF IRRADIATED METALS AND ALLOYS ................................................ 61 O.P. Maksimkin, M.N. Gusev, I.S. Osipov, F.A. Garner CHAPTER 9. ANOMALOUSLY LARGE DEFORMATION OF 12CR18NI10TI AUSTENITIC STEEL IRRADIATED TO 55 DPA AT 310ºC IN THE BN-350 REACTOR .........................................................................