CONTENTS. CHAP. 1- THE DISTRICT A. THE DESCRIPTIVE B. GEOPLOGY, FAUNA AND FLORA " 11. HISTORY " 111. THE PEOPLE A. STATISTICAL B. SOCIAL LIFE C. RELIGIOUS LIFE D. TRIBES AND CASTES E. VILLAGE COMMUNITIES AND TENURES F. LEADING FAMILIES " IV.- PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION A. AGRICULTURE AND ARBORICULTURE B. DOMESTIC ANIMALS C. OCCUPATIONS, INDUSTRIES, AND COMMERCE D. PRICES, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, AND COMMUNICATIONS " V..- ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE A. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION B. LAND AND LAND REVENUE " VI..- TOWNS AND MUNICIPALITIES STATISTICAL TABLES ------------------------------------------------------------ CHAPTER 1.- THE DISTRICT Section A. –Descriptive- General description General description- Physical configuration and divisions Physical configuration and divisions-Mountain system Mountain system-River system: Monor streams and drainage lines River system: Monor streams and dreinage lines-Canals Canals-Minor streams and dreinage lines-Canals Canals-Minor tracts: talukas Rainfall, temperature, and climate-Diseases Diseases Section B. Geology, Fauna and Flora- Geology-Mineral products, mines, quarries-Principal trees and shrubs: their products and uses Principal trees and shrubs: their products and uses- Mango land other cultivated trees Mango and other cultivated trees-Principal grasses-Wild animals (beasts and birds): Sport Wild animals (beasts and birds); Sport- Fish and fisheries-Reptiles CHAPTER II.- HISTORY . Antiquities- Early history Early history-Muhammadan period Muhammadan period-administrative divisions under the Mughals Administrative divisions under the Mughals-Sikh period Sikh period-Acquistion by the English-The Mutiny The Mutiny- Famines Development since annexation- Increase of chohs-First constitution of the district and subsequent changes First constitution of the district and subsequent changes-List of Deputy Commissiones since annexation CHAPTER III.- THE PEOPLE Section A. Statistical – Distribution of population Distribution of population-Migration and birth-place of population Migration and birth-place of population-Increase& decrease of population Increase and decrease of population-Births and deaths Age, sex, and civil condition Age, sex and civil condition- Female infanticide Female infanticide-Infirmities Infirmities-European and Eurasian population European and Eurasian population Section B.- Social Life- The villages, houses, and furniture The villages, houses and furniture-Clothing-Divisions of time Food-Amusements Amusements-Customs connected with birth-Customs connected with death – Customs regulating betrothal and marriage Customs regulating inter-marriage Effects upon female infant life-Language Education- Character and disposition of the people Poverty or wealth of the people Section C. – Religious Life- General statistics and distribution of religions General statistics and distribution of religions Hindus and their sects-Bairagis-Dadupanthias-Sikhs Sikhs-Akbari Darbari-Udasis-Nirmalas Jain Bhabras- Village deities and saints- Sarwar Sultan Sarwar Sultan-Gugga-Sidhs-Other tutelary deities- Mian Bibi Superstitions- Fairs, holy places, and shrines Fairs, festivals holy places, and shrines Hoshiarpur Mission Hoshiarpur Mission-Mission Girl's School Section D.- Tribes and Castes- Statistics and local distribution of tribes and castes Statistics and local distribution of tribes and castes-Former inhabitants and tribal colonisation Former inhabitants and tribal colonisation-Jats Jats-Rajputs Rajputs-Brahmins-Khatris-Gujars Gujars-Pathans-Mahtons Mahtons-Kanets-Rains and Sainis Rains and Sainis-Awans-Dogars-Bahtis and Changs Section E. Village Communities and Tenures Village tenures Village tenures-Customs regarding alluvion and diluvion-Proprietary tenures-Tenants and rent Tenants and rent-Agricultural partnerships and servants Agricultural partnerships and servants-Petty village grantees Zaildars and village headmen Zaildars and village headmen-Village servants Village servants-Poverty or wealth of the proprietors Poverty or wealth of the proprietors-Sales and mortgages of land Sales and mortagages of land Section F. Leading Families- Leading families-Mian Rugnath Singh Jaswal- The Bedi of Una The Bedi of Una-The Sodhis of Anandpur-Rai Ratan Chand of Babhaur Rai Ratan Chand of Babhaur-Rana Lehna Singh of Manaswal-Sardar Rajindar Singh of Kathgarh Sardar Rajindar Singh of Kathgarh –Sardar Bur Singh of Mukeriab- Minor families Monor families CHAPTER IV. PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION. Section A. Agriculture and Arboriculture- General statistics of agriculture- The Seasons: Rainfall-Soils Soil-Irrigation Irrigation-Agricultural implements and appliances Agricultural implements and appliances-Agricultural operations Agricultural operations-Manure and rotation of crops Manure and rotation of crops-Principal staples-Wheat Wheat Barley-Gram Gram-Saron or sarshaf-Tobacco-Safflower Safflower-Other rabi crops-Maize Maize-Cotton-Rice Rice – Mash, Mung and Math Mash, Mung and Moth-Chari-Other Kharif crops-Other products Other products-Sugarcane Sugarcane-Extraction of juice Extraction of juice-Conversion of the juice into coarse sugar- Refinement of coarse sugar Refinement of coarse sugar- Estimated cost of cultivation & value of produce, Estimated cost of cultivation and value of produce-Comparative profits of the industry Comparative profits of the sugar industry-Supply and demand of sugar and foreign competition-Possible improvements in manufacture-Average yield. Production and consumption of food grains Average yield. Production and consumption of food grains- Arboriculture and forests Lohara forests Bamboo forests of Karanpur and Bindraban-Sissu plantations of Bagraian and Mullanwal Section B. Domestic Animals Cattle Cattle-Sheep and goats-Horses and Government breeding operations, Horses and Government breeding operations-Other animals- Apiculture- Sericulture Sericulture Section C. Occupations, Industries and Commerce- Occupations of the people Occupations of the people-Principal industries and manufactures Principal industries and manufactures-Cotton-Wool Wool Silk-Phulkaris-Leather-and quill work-Metal work-Copper and brass Pottery-Glass-Wood carving Wood carving-Wood inlay Lacquered wood-Commercial classes-Course and nature of trade Section D.- Prices, Weights and Measures, and Communications- Prices, wages, rent-rates, interest Prices, wages, rent rates, interest-Weights and measures Weights and measures-Communications-Navigable rivers and ferries Railways and Telegraphs-Roads and camping grounds Roads and camping grounds Stage bungalows, rest housed, horse daks, & c.- Postal lines and post offices, CHAPTER V.-ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE. Section A. –General Administration- Executive and Judicial-Criminal, police, and gaols Criminal, police, and gaols-Revenue, taxation, and registration- Education Education-Hoshiarpur District School Hoshiarpur District School- Hoshiarpur Industrial School-Medical Hoshiarpur Sadr dispensary Hoshiarpur Sadr dispensary-Ecclesiastical-Head-quarters of other Departments Section B.- Land and Land Revenue- Native land revenue system Native land revenue system-Summary Settlement on annexation Summary Settlement on annexation-First Regular Settlement First Regular Settlement –Subsequent Settlement operations-Revision of Settlement Revision of Settlement-Assessment circles in the hills-New assessment in the hills New assessment in the hills-Revision of Settlement in the plains Proposed revenue rates and assessments-Statistics of land revenue Statistics of land revenue-Cesses Government lands, forests, & c. Assignments of land revenue CHAPTER VI.- TOWNS AND MUNICIPALITIES General statistics of towns General statistics of towns-Hoshiarpur : description Hoshiarpur: description-History Taxation and trade-Population and vital statistics Population and vital statistics Hariana Hariana- Garhdiwala Garhdiwala-Bajwara-Urmar and Tanda Urmar and Tanda Miani-Dasuah Dasuah-Mukerian Mukeriab-Anandpur Anandpur-Una Una-Garhshankar Garhshankar Jaijon Table No.1 Showing LEADING STATISTICS 1 2 3 4 5 6 Details Details of Tahsils Hoshiarpur Hoshiar-pur Dasuya. Una. Garhshanlkar Toptal square miles(1881) 2,180 478 384 867 451 Cultivated square miles(1878) 1,224 272 337 292 323 Culturable square miles(1878) 143 16 71 39 17 Irrigated square miles (1878) 32 13 9 3 7 Average square miles under crops(1877 to 1881) 1,,226 269 333 266 358 Annual rainfall in inches (1866 to 1882) 36.3 36.3 34.9 36.0 33.1 Number of inhabited towns and villages (1881) 2.093 483 610 522 478 Total population (1881) 901,381 239,486 218,644 208,086 235,165 Rural population (1881) 827,408 208,213 191,486 197,819 229,890 Urban population (1881) 73,973 31,273 27,158 10,267 5,275 Total population per square mile(1881) 413 501 570 240 521 Rural population per square mile(1881) 380 436 499 228 510 Hindus(1881) 550,185 117,831 105,057 174,318 152,979 Sikhs (1881) 59,784 16,199 9,142 9,897 24,546 Jains(1881) 1,119 454 390 25 250 Musalmans(1881) 290,193 104,941 104,026 23,845 57,381 Average annual Land Revenue(1877 to 1881)* 1,288,117 338,644 367,646 235,778 346,049 Average annual gross revenue(1877 to 1881)+ 1,576,430 … … … * Fixed, fluctuating, and ,miscellaneous. + Land , Tribute, Local Rates, Excise, and Stamps. CHAPTER 1. THE DISTRICT section A.- DESCRIPTIVE. The Hoshiarpur district lies between the parallels of latitude 32 Deg. 5' 30 Deg. 58 Deg., and longitude 76degr.41 and 75Deg. 31'. It comprises so much of the Siwalik range as lies between the rivers Sutlej and Bias, together with a broad strip of the plain country