Section: Chapter 10: Multiple Choice 1. Which part of the brain is responsible for planning and initiating movements? __ A. frontal lobe __ B. hippocampus __ C. basal ganglia __ D. cerebellum Rationale: p.358 2. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for: __ A. planning movements. __ B. organizing movement sequences. __ C. producing specific movements. __ D. inhibiting spontaneous movements. Rationale: p.358 3. The premotor cortex is responsible for: __ A. planning movements. __ B. organizing movement sequences. __ C. producing specific movements. __ D. inhibiting spontaneous movements. Rationale: p.358 4. The primary motor cortex is responsible for: __ A. planning movements. __ B. organizing movement sequences. __ C. producing specific movements. __ D. inhibiting spontaneous movements. Rationale: p.359 1 5. In a person performing a sequence of finger movements, cerebral blood flow would increase in the: __ A. primary motor cortex. __ B. supplementary motor cortex. __ C. prefrontal motor cortex. __ D. all of the above. __ E. a and b. Rationale: p.359 6. The spinal cord functions in: __ A. conveying sensory and motor information between the brain and body. __ B. reflexive behaviors. __ C. walking. __ D. all of the above. __ E. a and b only. Rationale: pp.361-362 7. Wilder Penfield identified a motor homunculus in the: __ A. primary motor cortex. __ B. prefrontal cortex. __ C. premotor cortex. __ D. a and c. Rationale: p.366 8. On the motor homunculus: __ A. all muscles are given equal representation. __ B. an inverse relation exists between space allocated on the homunculus and motor control. __ C. areas of precise motor control are given a larger representation. __ D. no clear relationship exists between movement precision and the amount of area allocated on the motor cortex. Rationale: p.366 2 9. What represents the "final common pathway"? __ A. sensory neurons __ B. muscles __ C. motor neurons __ D. the corticospinal tract Rationale: p.369 10. The "limb" regions of the motor homunculus are involved in activating motor neurons that move the arms, hands, and legs primarily on the ________, while the trunk regions of the motor homunculus are primarily involved in activating motor neurons that move the trunk primarily on the _________. __ A. same side of the body; opposite side of the body __ B. opposite side of the body; same side of the body __ C. same side of the body; same side of the body __ D. opposite side of the body; opposite side of the body Rationale: p.369 11. When lifting a heavy object, neurons of the motor cortex will: __ A. fire at the same rate as when lighter objects are lifted. __ B. fire at a lower frequency compared to when light objects are lifted. __ C. fire at a higher frequency compared to when light objects are lifted. __ D. release more neurotransmitter for each action potential. Rationale: p.371 12. In all animals, a larger proportion of the motor cortex is represented by: __ A. the tongue and paws/hands. __ B. the arms, legs, and other large muscle groups. __ C. no single area. There is equal representation of all muscles. __ D. muscles over which an animal has skilled and intricate control. Rationale: p.373 3 13. The sensory and motor cortex are: __ A. stable neocortical areas that are "fixed" in function after birth. __ B. stable neocortical areas that are "fixed" in function after puberty. __ C. changed only in response to damage. __ D. continuously modified with learning and experience. Rationale: p.374 14. Which of the following is not a part of the basal ganglia? __ A. flocculus __ B. amygdala __ C. caudate __ D. putamen Rationale: p.375 15. If cells of the caudate putamen are damaged, which one of the following motor disorders will be observed? __ A. hypokinetic behavior __ B. isokinetic behavior __ C. hyperkinetic behavior __ D. mesokinetic behavior Rationale: p.376 16. The globus pallidus is an internal component of the basal ganglia that is involved with: __ A. skilled motor movements. __ B. determining whether a movement will be large or small. __ C. species-specific behaviors. __ D. involuntary motor behaviors. Rationale: p.377 17. The flocculus of the cerebellum is involved with: __ A. control of balance and eye movements. __ B. control over the face and midline of the body. __ C. gross limb movements. __ D. fine finger and hand movements. Rationale: p.378 4 18. Tumors or damage to the midline of the cerebellum seriously disrupt: __ A. balance. __ B. eye movements. __ C. grasping. __ D. all of the above. __ E. a and b. Rationale: p.378 19. The cerebellum's role in motor behavior is primarily involved with: __ A. the timing of movements. __ B. initiating movements. __ C. maintaining movement accuracy. __ D. all of the above. __ E. a and c. Rationale: p.378 20. A patient with damage to her cerebellum is instructed to tap her finger to the same beat as a metronome. If the metronome is turned off, the patient: __ A. taps her finger with a stronger force. __ B. taps her finger at a different frequency. __ C. taps her finger with less force. __ D. a and b. Rationale: p.379 21. The _______ contributes to motor control by adjusting the forces associated with movements, while the ______ compares the intended movement with actual movement for the improvement of movement skill. __ A. motor cortex; cerebellum __ B. cerebellum; basal ganglia __ C. basal ganglia; motor cortex __ D. basal ganglia; cerebellum Rationale: pp.375-379 5 22. To which of the following systems is the somatosensory system most closely linked? __ A. visual __ B. auditory __ C. motor __ D. all of the above Rationale: p.380 23. _____ skin is much more richly endowed with receptors and is exquisitely more sensitive to a wider range of stimuli than ______ skin. __ A. Glabrous; hairy __ B. Smooth; glabrous __ C. Smooth; hairy __ D. Hairy; glabrous Rationale: pp.381-382 24. "Two-point sensitivity" is greatest on: __ A. hairy skin. __ B. glabrous skin. __ C. smooth skin. __ D. epidermal skin. Rationale: p.382 25. Which of the following receptors is most responsive to pain and temperature? __ A. pacinian corpuscles __ B. free nerve endings __ C. golgi tendon organs __ D. dendrites of alpha motor neurons Rationale: p.382 26. Pacinian corpuscles are most responsive to: __ A. movements of tendons. __ B. pain and temperature. __ C. pressure and flutter stimuli. __ D. all of the above. Rationale: p.382 6 27. The three major classes of sensory receptors are: __ A. nocioception, hapsis, proprioception. __ B. flocculoception, nocioception, hapsis. __ C. stasisception, nocioception, proprioception. __ D. flocculoception, nocioception, proprioception. Rationale: p.382 28. Nocioception is the perception of: __ A. fine touch. __ B. the location of one's body in space. __ C. pain. __ D. noise. Rationale: p.382 29. Hapsis is the perception of: __ A. fine touch. __ B. the location of one's body in space. __ C. pain. __ D. chemical irritants. Rationale: p.382 30. Proprioception is the perception of: __ A. fine touch. __ B. the location of one's body in space. __ C. pain. __ D. chemical irritants. Rationale: p.382 31. Which of the following receptors are "rapidly adapting receptors"? __ A. Meissner's corpuscles __ B. Pacinian corpuscles __ C. Ruffini corpuscles __ D. all of the above Rationale: p.382 7 32. Which of the following receptors are "slowly adapting receptors"? __ A. Meissner's corpuscles __ B. Merkel's receptors __ C. hair receptors __ D. all of the above __ E. b and c Rationale: p.382 33. Somatosensory information is carried from the body to the CNS by the: __ A. ventral-root ganglion neurons. __ B. dorsal-root ganglion neurons. __ C. gamma somatosensory neurons. __ D. corticospinal tract. Rationale: p.383 34. Hepatic and proprioceptive axons form the: __ A. dorsal spinothalamic tract. __ B. ventral spinothalamic tract. __ C. caudal spinothalamic tract. __ D. rostral spinothalamic tract. Rationale: p.384 35. Axons that carry information about pain and temperature form the: __ A. dorsal spinothalamic tract. __ B. ventral spinothalamic tract. __ C. caudal spinothalamic tract. __ D. rostral spinothalamic tract. Rationale: p.384 8 36. According to the gate theory of pain transmission, activity in the _________ can inhibit the pain pathway in the spinal cord. __ A. motor cortex __ B. hepatic/proprioceptive pathway __ C. nocioceptive pathway __ D. corticospinal pathway Rationale: p.386 37. Pain in blood vessels and internal organs that is felt as pain at the body surface is known as: __ A. transferred pain. __ B. relocated pain. __ C. referred pain. __ D. transposed pain. Rationale: p.387 38. The vestibular system is located in the: __ A. brainstem. __ B. spinal cord. __ C. motor cortex. __ D. middle ear. Rationale: p.388 39. Vestibular receptors convey information about: __ A. changes in the direction of movement. __ B. changes in the speed of movement. __ C. the position of one's body in relation to gravity. __ D. all of the above. __ E. a and c. Rationale: p.388 9 40. Action potentials in the semicircular canals are stimulated by: __ A. bending hair cells. __ B. endolymph. __ C. the utricle and saccule.