THE BULLETIN Number 95 Fall 1987 Contents Charles Foster Wray, 1919-1985 1 Charles F. Hayes III Introduction 5 William Engelbrecht Observations on Seneca Settlement in the Early Historic Period 8 Charles Vandrei Occupation Interval and Mortality Rate: A Methodological Approach 18 Lorraine P. Saunders Seneca Pottery Analysis: Some Problems and Solutions in Refining the Potential of Attribute Analysis 23 Gian Carlo Cervone Late Woodland Settlement in the Genesee 32 Mary Ann Palmer Niemczycki Canoes, Caches and Carrying Places: Territorial Boundaries and Tribalization in Late Woodland Western New York 39 Robert J. Hasenstab Differential Mortuary Treatment of Seneca Women: Some Social Inferences 50 Martha L. Sempowski Some Thoughts on Future Research 58 James Bradley NYSAA Notes 60 1987 Annual Meeting Minutes 61 1987 Annual Meeting Program 69 Charles Foster Wray 1919 - 1985 Photograph taken in his office at Meadowood in the 1960s; used courtesy of Amber Wray Corbin. This issue of The Bulletin is dedicated to the late At the 1987 NYSAA Annual Meeting in Syracuse, Charles F. Wray, a long-time member of the Lewis H. New York, the new format for The Bulletin was approved. Morgan Chapter and a past president of the New York State Appreciation should be given to Gian Carlo Cervone and Archaeological Association. The papers were all written by Patricia L. Miller for their contribution to the new individuals who, at one time or another, were associated electronic publication layout. It is hoped that this format with Charlie's research. On March 22, 1986, the papers will be another significant step in development of the were presented at a session entitled "To Know the Seneca" NYSAA's publication program. Finally, financial assistance at the 26th Annual Meeting of the Northeastern for this issue in addition to regular membership funds was Anthropological Association in Buffalo, New York. The provided by the Lewis H. Morgan Chapter and the Research Editor would like to express his appreciation to all the Division of the Rochester Museum and Science Center. participants and to Dr. Mary Ann Niemczycki, who co- Charles Wray always actively supported both of these chaired the sessions and with Brian Nagel, Assistant Editor, organizations in his effort to document and interpret the originated the idea of publishing the papers under one Iroquois. cover. Charles F. Hayes Ill The New Bulletin Format Several of the papers presented at the NEAA concept to Charlie's method of creating books by writing, meeting to honor Charles F. Wray were accompanied by the assembling and editing countless notes, and having them contribution of a different type of associate - a graphic bound as reference manuals. Bulletin 95 was produced on a artist. Charlie's interest and involvement in documentation Macintosh Plus with a Jasmine hard disc, using MacWrite through graphics was rather extraordinary, extending from and Write Now for word processing and editing; papers his personal sketch maps and endless photographs of were submitted on discs, typed in, scanned in. or transferred objects, to X-ray images of artifacts and aerial photographs by modem from comp uter to computer. Page Maker 1.2 and of sites, to the aesthetically beautiful and incredibly detailed 2.0a were used for design and layout of copy; the resulting drawings of Gene Mackay. While working with Charlie files were typeset on a Linotronic 300. from 1982 - 1985, I had the rare opportunity of being able I would like to invite the members of the NYSAA to help document artifacts in the collections and map to respond to this new format and would welcome their excavations from notes, while also benefiting from his suggestions. I would also like to thank Editors Charles F. incredible memory and the enormous amount of Hayes III and Brian Nagel for their acceptance and information he carried in his head. His warm personality, encouragement of the new design; Suzanne Mooney of the encouragement and enthusiasm continue to be an RMSC for typing and assistance with layout; and Jim inspiration and example to all those who worked with him. Anderson and the Public Information Department of the The new format and production of Bulletin 95 is RMSC for technical and moral support. Most of all, I thank an offshoot of Charlie's involvement in research and Gian Carlo Cervone for his constant help and documentation of the Seneca Site Sequence at the encouragement, and for his patience in teaching me how to Rochester Museum and Science Center; the equipment used use the Macintosh computer. was acquired to create Volume I of the Charles F. Wray Series in Seneca Archaeology. The actual production process, known as Desktop Publishing, is very similar in Patricia L. Miller Charles Foster Wray 1919-1985 Charles F. Hayes III, Lewis H. Morgan Chapter, Rochester Museum and Science Center On April 20, 1985, New York State lost one of its high school student. Through the generosity of Dr. William most dedicated and active archaeologists, Charles F. Wray. A. Ritchie and Dr. Arthur C. Parker at the Rochester He passed away while investigating a Seneca village site Museum, Charlie was able to participate in many near Lima in Livingston County. New York. From his first excavations with the staff, including the Works Progress involvement on his family homestead, Meadowood, in the Administration crews. From his association there developed Genesee Valley through his post-retirement years a life -long relationship with Bill Ritchie and the Rochester associated with the Rochester Museum and Science Center, Museum even after Ritchie left Rochester to become New Charlie was able to contribute for over 50 years an York State Archaeologist. Archaeology is a field in which unparalleled amount of artifacts, data, and interpretations there are often tensions between avocational and related to the Northeast. His death was not only a personal professional pursuits. When it came to Charles Wray, these tragedy for his family and associates, but also a severe blow differences became less contentious and enabled him to to regional archaeology, particularly that of the Seneca become familiar with a variety of projects in the region. Iroquois. Current and future researchers will have to Consequently, Charlie was fortunate enough to be able to attempt to fill the void and disseminate the vast quantity of look back and review his active participation in the data upon which he was working at the time of his death. excavation of sites producing artifacts and information Charles F. Wray was born on May 12, 1919, which would become diagnostic for northeastern twenty miles south of Rochester at the family's 40 acre archaeology. Charlie was able to do this with great pride. homestead built by his father in 1912. He had two sisters Notable among those sites later to become identified with and a brother. He grew up in West Rush, a location which the Archaic Stage and upon which Charlie worked were had a profound influence on his entire life. Charlie received Lamoka Lake (1927), Geneva Yacht Club (1935), both his bachelor's and master's degrees in geology from the Brewerton (1936, 1937), and Frontenac Island (1938, University of Rochester. After World War II service as a 1939). Early and Middle Woodland sites included U.S. Army code breaker in Europe, including the landings Meadowood on his family estate in Rush (1930), the at Normandy, he returned to Rochester to work in the Geneseo Mound (1936), Sea Breeze (1939) and several family business for 10 years at the Henry Wray and Son significant sites along the St. Lawrence River. Finally, he Brass Foundry. He rose from moulder to Vice-President. In was able to excavate at the Late Woodland Sackett (1934) 1955 Charlie began employment in the Geology and Castle Creek (1931, 1933) Owasco sites. In 1941 Department at Ward's Natural Science Establishment, Inc. Charlie was involved in William Ritchie's absence in the in Rochester. He retired from there as Head of Mineralogy Museum's move from Edgerton Park to its present location in 1981. In 1944 he married Alice Getzin, an anthropology on East Avenue. student at the University of Colorado. She became a World War II interrupted Charlie's archaeological staunch supporter of his archaeological work and career. He returned to Genesee Country to embark on what accompanied him on many excavations. became an intense personal pursuit, that of systematically It is very difficult to summarize Charles Wray's documenting and interpreting the Seneca Iroquois villages. diverse involvement in various archaeological projects. In this effort he was first joined by Harry Schoff and later Actually there was very little in which he was not an active joined by Donald Cameron in what was to become a long- participant or a major contributor. Perhaps it is best to term project. The goal was to investigate the prehistoric and identify several major areas of significance which would historic Seneca village sites dating from A.D. 1550 to 1800 include his work with the Rochester Museum (Rochester in the Genesee Valley and the Western Finger Lakes. Museum and Science Center) his professional endeavors as Starting in the 1950s and continuing until the time of a mineralogist, as a member of the New York State Charlie's death, excavations were conducted on such sites Archaeological Association, and his association with the as Factory Hollow, Power House, Dann, Warren, Rochester Rock Foundation, Inc. The latter association facilitated a Junction and Boughton Hill (Ganondagon State Historic great many of his long range archaeological plans related to Site) and a number of eighteenth century sites east of the Seneca Iroquois. Canandaigua, N.Y. The work of previous excavators Charles Wray became involved in archaeology and geology at the age of seven and continued this interest as a 2 The Bulletin was often re-evaluated and some sites even re-excavated in was one often characterized by mutual respect.