- NATIONAL WATER POLICY Published by Ministry of Energy and Water Development February 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................... ii ACRONYMS .........................................................................................................................iii WORKING DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................iv 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Water Resources Availability .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Rainfall Situation................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Surface Water Situation ...................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Groundwater Situation ......................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Environmental Management .............................................................................................. 4 1.6 Historical Background .......................................................................................................... 5 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS .................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Water Resources Development and Management ......................................................... 6 2.2 Water for Social and Economic Development ................................................................. 7 2.3 Water for Domestic Purposes ............................................................................................ 7 2.4 Water for Food and Agriculture .......................................................................................... 8 2.5 Water for Industry ................................................................................................................. 8 2.6 Water for Energy .................................................................................................................. 9 2.7 Water for Transportation ................................................................................................... 10 2.8 Water for Recreation and Tourism .................................................................................. 10 2.9 Water for Research and Development ........................................................................... 10 2.10 Water Resources Information and Monitoring ............................................................... 11 2.11 Policy Development Process and Methodology ............................................................ 11 3. RATIONALE .................................................................................................................15 3.1 Revision of the National Water Policy ............................................................................. 15 3.2 Macro-Economic Policy Issues ........................................................................................ 16 3.3 Millennium Development Goals ....................................................................................... 16 3.4 Vision 2030 .......................................................................................................................... 17 3.5 International landmark events and instruments ............................................................ 17 4. VISION, PRINCIPLES AND OUTCOMES ......................................................................19 4.1 Vision .................................................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Guiding Principles for Water Resources Management ................................................ 19 4.3 Expected Outcomes and Benefits ................................................................................... 20 5. POLICY MEASURES AND IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................20 5.1 Water Resources Management ....................................................................................... 20 5.2 Water Resources Development ....................................................................................... 23 5.3 Water for Food and Agriculture ........................................................................................ 25 5.4 Water for Fisheries ............................................................................................................. 25 5.5 Water for Tourism............................................................................................................... 25 5.6 Water Supply and Sanitation ............................................................................................ 26 5.7 Water for Wildlife ................................................................................................................ 26 5.8 Water for Mining ................................................................................................................. 26 5.9 Water for Industry ............................................................................................................... 27 5.10 Water for Environment....................................................................................................... 27 5.11 Water for Energy ................................................................................................................ 28 5.12 Water and Land .................................................................................................................. 28 5.13 Water for National Heritage .............................................................................................. 29 5.14 Water for Transportation ................................................................................................... 29 6. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND IMPLEMENTATION .......................................29 6.1 Institutional Framework ..................................................................................................... 29 6.2 Legal and Regulatory Framework ................................................................................... 31 7. CROSS-SECTORAL ISSUES ........................................................................................37 7.1 National Strategic Planning and Development .............................................................. 37 7.2 Stakeholder and Community Level Participation .......................................................... 37 7.3 Administration of Water Permits ...................................................................................... 38 7.4 Data Information and Reporting ....................................................................................... 39 7.5 Financing and Private Sector Participation .................................................................... 39 7.6 HIV/AIDS ............................................................................................................................. 40 7.7 Research and Development ............................................................................................. 40 7.8 Climate Change .................................................................................................................. 41 7.9 Gender ................................................................................................................................. 41 7.10 Conflict Management ......................................................................................................... 42 7.11 Capacity Building ................................................................................................................ 42 8. IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK ..............................................................................43 8.1 Time Frame ......................................................................................................................... 43 8.2 Institutional Arrangements ................................................................................................ 43 8.3 Coordination of the Water Sector .................................................................................... 43 8.4 Decentralisation .................................................................................................................. 44 8.5 Monitoring and Evaluation ................................................................................................ 44 FOREWORD Water plays a cardinal role in socio-economic development and it is fundamental for sustaining all forms of life. Productive activities ranging from agriculture, mining, tourism and other industries are dependent on water. However, Zambia's water resources are yet to be fully exploited for the benefit of its people to enhance their productive ability for improved livelihood. To achieve this, the Government of Zambia in 1994 formulated the National Water Policy which led to significant changes in the water sector. However, in view of the new challenges and modern approaches that have evolved, regarding the management of water resources, the Ministry of Energy and Water Development in consultation with other