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7KLVLVWKHVLJQL¿FDQFHRIWKHQDPHUDWKHUWKDQDGRSWLQJWKHDSSURDFKRIWKH¿HOGRI economic history, which seeks to analyze historical economic behavior, historians of FDSLWDOLVPDVSLUHWRVRPHWKLQJFORVHUWRVRFLDOFULWLFLVP7KH\IRFXVRQWKHKXPDQFRVWV DVVRFLDWHGZLWKKLVWRULFDOHFRQRPLFFKDQJHDQ³DFWLYLVWLPSXOVH´VHHPVWRDQLPDWHWKHLU ZRUN 5RVHQWKDO 7KH³KLVWRU\RIFDSLWDOLVP´ZRXOGVHHPWRGHQRWHDUHVHDUFK DJHQGDIRFXVHGRQZULWLQJWKHKLVWRU\RIFDSLWDOLVPEXWWKLVGRHVQRWFKDUDFWHUL]HWKH QHZ OLWHUDWXUH ZHOO 0RVW RI WKH VFKRODUV SURGXFLQJ LW DUH LQ IDFW $PHULFDQLVWV DQG PDQ\DUHIRFXVHGRQWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\:LWKIHZH[FHSWLRQVWKHOLWHUDWXUHLVQRW FRQFHUQHGZLWKWKHHDUO\RULJLQVRUGHHSLQVWLWXWLRQDOIRXQGDWLRQVRIFDSLWDOLVPDQGLW GRHVQRWVHHNWRDQDO\]HWKHIXOOHYROXWLRQRIFDSLWDOLVPRYHUWLPH1RQHRIWKHERRNV HYHQGH¿QHVZKDWLVPHDQWE\FDSLWDOLVP%XWWKHQDJDLQFDSLWDOLVPLWVHOILVQRWDFWXDOO\ WKHVXEMHFWRIWKHLUDQDO\VLV,QVWHDGWKHVHZRUNVSUHVHQWDFULWLFDODQDO\VLVRIHFRQRPLF GHYHORSPHQWLQWKHFRQWH[WRIFDSLWDOLVWLQVWLWXWLRQV7KHQDPH³KLVWRU\RIFDSLWDOLVP´ FDOOVDWWHQWLRQWRWKHSUHVHQFHRIFDSLWDOLVPEXWLWVKRXOGPDLQO\EHVHHQDVVLJQLI\LQJ FULWLFDOVRFLDODQDO\VLVE\KLVWRULDQV 7KHWHQERRNVGLVFXVVHGLQWKLVDUWLFOHDUHOLVWHGLQ7DEOHLQWKHRUGHULQZKLFKWKH\ DSSHDULQWKLVHVVD\,VHOHFWHGWKHERRNVZLWKLQSXWIURPKLVWRULDQVRIFDSLWDOLVPDQG ,QGHHG%HFNHUW¶V HVVD\ZKLFKLVVRPHWKLQJRIDFDWDORJXHUDLVRQQpRIWKHKLVWRU\RIFDSLWDOLVP DVLWVWRRGDWWKHWLPHOLVWVHFRQRPLFKLVWRULDQV1DRPL/DPRUHDX[DQG*DYLQ:ULJKWDVDPRQJWKHKLVWRULDQV RIFDSLWDOLVP History of Capitalism TABLE 1 :25.6',6&866(',17+,6(66$< 6ODYHU\&RWWRQDQG&DSLWDOLVP %HFNHUW6YHQEmpire of Cotton: A Global History. &DPEULGJH+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV %DSWLVW(GZDUGThe Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism. 1HZ<RUN%DVLF%RRNV -RKQVRQ:DOWHURiver of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom &DPEULGJH+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV )LQDQFH5LVNDQG,QVXUDQFH /HY\-RQDWKDQFreaks of Fortune: The Emerging World of Risk in America&DPEULGJH +DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV :KLWH5LFKDUGRailroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America1HZ <RUN::1RUWRQ +\PDQ/RXLVDebtor Nation: The History of America in Red Ink3ULQFHWRQ3ULQFHWRQ 8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV 2WW-XOLDWhen Wall Street Met Main Street: The Quest for an Investor’s Democracy &DPEULGJH+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV &RQVHUYDWLYH(FRQRPLF'RFWULQHV 3KLOOLSV)HLQ.LPInvisible Hands: The Businessmen’s Crusade Against the New Deal1HZ <RUN::1RUWRQ %XUQV-HQQLIHUGoddess of the Market: Ayn Rand and the American Right1HZ<RUN2[IRUG 8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV 0RUHWRQ%HWKDQ\To Serve God and Wal-Mart: The Making of Christian Free Enterprise &DPEULGJH+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV Source$XWKRUFRPSLODWLRQ IURPFRQVXOWDWLRQVRIUHDGLQJOLVWVRIFRXUVHVLQWKH¿HOG(DFKLVZHOOUHJDUGHGDQG VHYHUDOKDYHZRQRQHRUPRUHPDMRUSUL]HV$OWKRXJKQRWDFRPSUHKHQVLYHOLVWWKHWHQ ERRNVDUHTXLWHUHSUHVHQWDWLYHRIWKH¿HOG,KDYHJURXSHGWKHPLQWRWKUHHEURDGWRSLFV VODYHU\FRWWRQDQGFDSLWDOLVP¿QDQFHULVNDQGLQVXUDQFHDQGFRQVHUYDWLYHHFRQRPLF GRFWULQHV 7RJHWKHUWKHERRNVSUHVHQWDFULWLFDODFFRXQWRIWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKH$PHULFDQ 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