Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report KTC -14-10/SPR447-12-1F Green Infrastructure Our Mission We provide services to the transportation community through research, technology transfer and education. We create and participate in partnerships to promote safe and effective transportation systems. © 2014 University of Kentucky, Kentucky Transportation Center Information may not be used, reproduced, or republished without our written consent. Kentucky Transportation Center 176 Oliver H. Raymond Building Lexington, KY 40506-0281 (859) 257-4513 fax (859) 257-1815 www.ktc.uky.edu Research Report KTC-14-10/SPR447-12-1F Green Infrastructure Authors Sarah M. McCormack, MSC Research Engineer Roy Sturgill, PE Research Engineer Brian Howell, PE Research Engineer Chis Van Dyke Research Associate and Doug Kreis, PE, MBA, PMP Program Manager Kentucky Transportation Center College of Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky in Cooperation with Kentucky Transportation Cabinet Commonwealth of Kentucky and Federal Highway Administration U. S. Department of Transportation The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the University of Kentucky, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, or Federal Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The inclusion of manufacturer names and trade names is for identification purposes and is not to be considered an endorsement. June 2014 Year 3 Final Report This page left intentionally blank. 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No KTC-14-10/SPR447-12-1F 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date June 2014 Green Infrastructure 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s): 8. Performing Organization Report S.M. McCormack, MSC; Roy Sturgill, PE; Brian Howell, PE; and Doug No. Kreis, PE, MBA, PMP 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Kentucky Transportation Center College of Engineering University of Kentucky 11. Contract or Grant No. Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0281 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Kentucky Transportation Cabinet Covered 200 Mero Street Final Year 3 Frankfort, Kentucky 40622 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Prepared in cooperation with the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet and the Federal Highway Administration 16. Abstract The transportation industry has increasingly recognized the vital role sustainability serves in promoting and protecting the transportation infrastructure of the nation. Many state Departments of Transportation have correspondingly increased efforts to incorporate concepts of sustainability into the planning, design, and construction phases of projects and congruently adopted sustainability measures into their internal standard policies and procedures. Sustainably constructed highways foster economic development, promote stewardship of the environment, and solicit citizen involvement for an integrated, comprehensive approach to project planning. As part of an effort to understand the extent to which sustainable design and construction principles are being used, this report selects and analyzes three case studies involving previously completed KYTC projects and assesses their commitment to sustainable concepts. Specifically, this report examines the extent to which KYTC utilized sustainable concepts for each case study as described in FHWA’s INVEST rating system. This research effort comprised three components. First, KTC researchers analyzed KYTC’s policies and manuals for project planning, design, and construction and determined the extent to which INVEST criteria and related principles were incorporated into their standard processes. Second, KTC analyzed the individual case studies themselves, to include project plans and other relevant documentation. Finally, KTC conducted interviews with each of the KYTC district offices responsible for managing those previously completed projects and obtained feedback on the INVEST criteria used for each particular project. Following this approach, KTC validated and finalized the assigned scoring ratings for each case study in accordance with the INVEST scoring guidance. In summary, this report describes the sustainable concepts and corresponding INVEST scores for each project, presents a summary of the main findings, and provides recommendations for the way ahead. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Sustainability; Green Initiatives; Triple Bottom Line Unlimited, with approval of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet 19. Security Classification 20. Security Classification 21. No. of Pages 22. Price (report) (this page) Classified/Confidential (until Classified/Confidential (until final report) final report) This page left intentionally blank. Table of Contents List of Figures .....................................................................................................................2 List of Tables .......................................................................................................................2 Acknowledgements ..........................................................................................................4 Executive Summary ..........................................................................................................6 Chapter 1: Background ....................................................................................................9 1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 9 1.2. Green Infrastructure, Phases I & II........................................................................... 10 1.3. Green Infrastructure, Phase III ................................................................................. 11 1.3.1 Problem Statement .................................................................................................. 12 1.3.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................ 12 Chapter 2: Methodology .................................................................................................13 2.1 INVEST Criteria ............................................................................................................. 13 2.2 Selection of Case Studies ............................................................................................. 16 2.3 Analysis of Case Studies ............................................................................................... 17 Chapter 3: Case Studies ...................................................................................................21 3.1 Double Crossover Diamond (Lexington, KY)................................................................. 21 3.2 Elizabethtown to Radcliff Connector (Elizabethtown, KY) ........................................... 23 3.3 12th Street Reconstruction (Covington, KY) .................................................................. 24 Chapter 4: Conclusions and Recommendations .......................................................27 Appendices. ........................................................................................................................29 A INVEST Criteria .............................................................................................................. 29 B KYTC Project Consideration List .................................................................................... 38 C Summary of KYTC Policy Manuals & Guidance ............................................................. 39 D Interview Questions ...................................................................................................... 41 E Case Study Evaluations .................................................................................................. 49 F Year 1 Interim Report (State Level Analysis of Transportation Sustainability).............. 52 G Year 2 Interim Report (Review of Transportation Sustainability Metrics) .................... 80 List of Figures 1 | Page 2.1.1 Summary of Criteria Used to Score Types of Road Projects .......................................15 3.1.1 Double Crossover Diamond Overview ........................................................................21 3.2.1 E2RC Map ....................................................................................................................23 3.3.1 12th Street Reconstruction Map ..................................................................................25 3.3.2 Historic Properties & Planter Box ...............................................................................26 List of Tables 2.1.1 INVEST 1.0 Scorecards ................................................................................................14 2.1.2 Achievement Levels for FHWA INVEST 1.0 ................................................................16 2.3.1 Review List of Policy Manuals & Guidance ................................................................18 3.1.1 Double Crossover Diamond Scorecard ......................................................................22 3.2.1 E2RC Scorecard ...........................................................................................................24 3.3.1 12th Street Reconstruction Scorecard ........................................................................26