AMERICAN MUSEUM Novttates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 U.S.A. NUMBER 2550 OCTOBER 8, 1974 FREDERICK H. RINDGE A Revision of the Moth Genus Gabriola (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) *pum,. r, P I4 1. A Revision of the Moth Genus Gabriola (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) FREDERICK H. RINDGE Curator, Department of Entomology The American Museum of Natural History AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NUMBER 2550, pp. 1-24, figs. 1-26 ISSN 0003-0082 Issued October 8, 1974 Price. $1.37 Copyright © The American Museum of Natural History 1974 ABSTRACT absent. Additional differences are to be found in The genus Gabriola Taylor is revised, and re- the wings. They are of equal size in the two sexes descriptions are given for the genus and the four of Gabriola, whereas in the other genera the fe- presently included species. Two new species and males have larger and more elongate wings than four new subspecies are described. Keys and do the males. In the forewings of Gabriola veins photographs are presented for all species and Sc and R1 are not connected and there is no are- their genitalia. The genus is restricted in its distri- ole; in the other genera the two veins are con- bution to western North America, extending nected and an areole is present. There is also a from southern Alaska and British Columbia difference in the position of vein Cu1 of the fore- through the western United States to Durango, wings; in Gabriola its origin is at the lower angle Mexico. Relationships with other genera in the of the cell but in the other genera it arises from Nacophorini are discussed. below the lower angle. The genitalia of Gabriola fit the tribal descrip- INTRODUCTION tion much better than do the above characters. I have revised the nominate section of the Na- In the male structures the gnathos is well sclero- cophorini, including the genera Betulodes Thier- tized, and in some species the median process is ry-Mieg, Phaeoura Hulst, Thyrinteina Moschler, shortly spinose; the pair of lateral processes are and Holochroa Hulst (Rindge, 1961). Of these, simple and tapering. In the females there appears only Betulodes does not occur in North America to be a different point of attachment to the ovi- north of Mexico; Thyrinteina is mainly tropical positor lobes, as the apophyses posteriores are in its distribution, but one species does occur in attached anteriorly. The female genitalia of the southern Texas. At a later date I revised the different species of Gabriola are so similar to one members of this tribe from the Andes, with the another that it has proved impractical to present majority of species being found in the cool and a meaningful key based on these structures. cold temperate regions of southern South Amer- Based on the characters discussed above it ap- ica (Rindge, 1971; 1973); this group forms a dif- pears that Gabriola is not particularly closely al- ferent section of the tribe from that covered by lied to the nominate section of the Nacophorini; my 1961 paper. The knowledge gained from instead, it fits in better with the other section. studying the Andean species, with the variety The second part of the tribe has heretofore been and variability of the characters in the included known only from Venezuela to southern Chile genera, led me to reexamine some of our North and Argentina; it has not been reported from American genera, including Gabriola Taylor. I either Central or North America. However, Ga- now believe that this genus should be included in briola does not appear to be particularly closely the Nacophorini. The purpose of the present related to any of the genera included in that sec- paper is to revise Gabriola on the specific level tion. I have already pointed out (Rindge, 1971, and to discuss placement of the genus within this p. 309) that there does not appear to be any tribe. clear-cut pattern of primitive or advanced forms The most noticeable differences between the in this section, and so the relationships of Gabri- characters of Gabriola and of the nominate sec- ola to the other seven included genera is not eas- tion of the tribe are to be found in the male ily defined. antennae and the hind legs. The species that are During the course of this study I have exam- included in the other genera of the North Ameri- ined 1106 specimens, including the primary can Nacophorini have male antennae in which types of all the described species. In addition, I the pectinations extend to the end of this struc- have studied 76 genitalic dissections (53 males ture, and each pectination has a strong apical and 23 females); all but 11 of these were pre- seta; in Gabriola the terminal one-fourth of the pared by me. I also made 57 slides (36 males and antennae is simple, and the strong apical seta is 21 females) of antennae and legs, including speci- 3 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES mens of both sexes from every named popula- by the lack of an elongate terminal seta on each tion. pectination, by antennae of the female being sim- More than half of the specimens studied are in ple or feebly serrate, and by the presence of two two collections: the American Museum of Natu- pairs of spurs on the hind tibia of both sexes. ral History with 328, and the Natural History The male genitalia are recognized by the simple, Museum of Los Angeles County with 310. The elongate valves and by the prominent, posteriorly next largest collection is in the California Acade- curving, pointed lateral processes of the anellus. my of Sciences with 98 moths. The female genitalia have the ductus bursae All the photographs in this revision were about twice as long as wide and an elongate tu- taken by the author. Whenever possible, material bular corpus bursae without a signum. from the collection of the American Museum of Adult. Head, tongue absent; palpi short, just Natural History was used. Some of the adults and attaining front; antennae of from 42 to 61 seg- genitalia are from other collections and this is ments, male with terminal 10 to 18 segments specifically noted. The following abbreviations simple, each pectination without long terminal have been used: seta, being from 6.5 to 9.0 times as long as basal AMNH, the American Museum of Natural His- segment, female with simple or feebly serrate an- tory tennae, without paired terminal setae on seg- CNC, Canadian National Collection, Ottawa ments. Thorax above with large posterior tuft of LAM, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles scales; fore tibia with process of male arising just County basad of middle, in female more basad of center, USNM, National Museum of Natural History, in both extending to end of segment only; hind Smithsonian Institution tibia with two pairs of spurs. Abdomen with Acknowledgments prominent dorsal tufts. Forewings relatively short and broad, alike in both sexes; without are- I acknowledge with thanks the cooperation ole, Sc and RI not connected, RI +2 stalked or and aid of the following colleagues who have al- separate, CuI from lower angle. Hind wings broad, lowed me to study the types and specimens in outer margin smoothly rounded to weakly their charge: Dr. P. H. Arnaud, Jr. of the Cali- concave between veins; Sc approximate to R for fornia Academy of Sciences; Dr. J. M. Bums of about one-half length of cell; R and Ml from the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard before, at, or after upper angle; Cul from near University; Mr. J. P. Donahue of the Natural His- lower angle and M3. tory Museum of Los Angeles County; Dr. D. C. Upper surface of forewings various shades of Ferguson of the Systematic Entomology Labora- gray, grayish brown, pale or dark brown, with tory, United States Department of Agriculture, median area often paler; cross lines prominent, for the National Museum of Natural History, black, complete, very similar in course in each Smithsonian Institution; Dr. W. C. McGuffin of species; hind wings paler than forewings, with in- the Department of the Environment, Canadian distinct maculation. Under surface gray or gray- Forestry Service, for the Canadian National Col- ish brown, with reduced maculation. lection; Dr. J. A. Powell of the University of Cali- Male Genitalia. Gnathos well sclerotized, each fornia, Berkeley, for the California Insect Survey; side slightly tapering ventrally, with small median Mr. James H. Baker of Baker, Oregon; and Mr. enlargement; valves simple; anellus with pair of R. H. Leuschner of Manhattan Beach, California. lateral, posteriorly curving processes; juxta with posteromedian projection; aedeagus a simple GENUS GABRIOLA TAYLOR tube; vesica, when exserted, extending at obtuse angle to aedeagus, with area of longitudinal, scle- Gabriola Taylor, 1904, p. 255. Barnes and Mc- Dunnough, 1917, p. 119. McDunnough, 1938, rotized striations or with row of small spines. p. 166; 1945, p. 101. Female Genitalia. Ovipositor lobes with apoph- yses attached to membranous anterior portion; Diagnosis. Distinguished by the antennae of sterigma membranous or weakly sclerotized, the male having the terminal one-fourth simple, scarcely differentiated; ductus bursae sclerotized, RINDGE: GABRIOLA 5 longer than wide; ductus seminalis arising mid- ern Rocky Mountains .6 ventrally at posterior end of corpus bursae; cor- Forewings without contrasting white tor- pus bursae a simple, membranous, elongate struc- nal area; southern Rocky Mountains . 8 ture; signum absent. 6(5). Antennae of male with from 44 to 50 seg- Early Stages. The caterpillar of one species ments, having 31 to 37 pectinate and from 10 to 14 terminal nonpectinate (dyari Taylor) has been described (Sugden, segments; female antennae with from 1968).