Dukduk March 2017 Artocarpus mariannensis Native Plants of Guam ukduk is a large breadfruit tree which is thought to be endemic to Dthe Mariana Islands. It can be found in limestone areas and usually stands out in limestone forests. The wood and other parts of the tree were once important in canoe building. Other Common Names: Chebiei, Dokdok, Dugdug, Ebiei, Mai, Maifai, Maiyah, Marianas breadfruit, Meduuliou, Mei chocho, Mei kole, Meiyas, Mejwaan, Mos en kosrae, Seeded breadfruit, Sowing, Te mai, Ulu elihe, Ulu elise Synonyms: None Family Name: Moraceae Plant Appearance a Distinctive feature: Dukduk leaves Dukduk flower . are generally smaller and not as deeply lobed as Lemmai (seedless breadfruit) leaves. Dukduk fruit has seeds and are more kidney shaped than Lemmai fruit. Leaf Shape: Broadly obovate to elliptic, shallowly 1-3 lobed on the upper third of blade Arrangement: Alternate Type: Simple b a Flower Dukduk leaf . Dukduk fruit . Size: Up to 1.2 in. in diameter and 3-4.7 in. long Color: All flowers are yellowish, but male flowers turn brown while female flowers turn green. Shape: Male flowers are cylindrical or club-shaped spike, while female flowers are rounded or elliptic. Arrangement: Monoecious. Male flowers appear first; thousands of tiny flowers are attached to the spongy Dukduk seedsa. Dukduk seedlingsa. core. Female flowers are also attached to the spongy core and the flowers fuse College of Natural & Applied Sciences USDA is an equal University of Guam | Unibetsedåt Guahan opportunity employer and provider. together to form the fleshy edible part Soil characteristics: Light, well- treats ear infections or sore eyes, of the fruit. drained soils (sandy, sandy loam or while roots are used as astringents or Flowering period: July through loam), volcanic, and calcareous soils in poultices. The bark is used to treat September Light: Partial shade (20-50%) headaches. Habit Space requirement: 10-40 ft. Other uses: Timber, canoe-building, carving, gum or resin (adhesive), Typical height: 25-65 ft. Growth rate: 1-3 ft. per year fuelwood, fiber/weaving/clothing, Fruit Growth direction: Upright, spreading cordage, insect repellent, food Type: Fleshy syncarp Fertilizer: Small amount of slow- preparation Size: About 6 in. long release fertilizer such as 8-8-8 should be added to the bottom of the hole References and Resources Color: Dark green during planting. Mulching young plants Number of seeds: Up to 15 large, dark is also beneficial. brown shiny seeds about 0.6 in. long. Falanruw, M. 2015. Trees of Yap: A Pruning: Removal of dead and dying Field Guide. General Technical Edible: Mature fruits can be eaten branches is essential to maintain health Report PSW-GTR-249. USDA raw but are usually boiled, roasted, and vigor. Forest Service Pacific Southwest or baked. Seeds, called “hutu” Research Station. p.162. when cooked, are high in protein, carbohydrates, and a good source Risks Raulerson, L. and A. Rinehart. of minerals and vitamins, especially 1991. Trees and Shrubs of the vitamin A. Northern Mariana Islands. Coastal Near surface roots: Roots spread and Resources Management, Office of grow on or slightly below the surface the Governor, CNMI. 120p. Growing Your Own Limb breakage: High www.traditionaltree.org Special considerations: Shallow- www.worldagroforestry.org PROPAGATION rooted trees may topple during high Form: Seed, seedlings winds. Small branches often die back at the tip after fruiting but new shoots Photo Credits Seed collection: Collect from mature and branches continue to develop a. Forestry & Soil Resources Division, healthy fruits. Occasionally, seedlings throughout the life of the tree. This tree Guam Department of Agriculture can be gathered from beneath fruiting drops leaves and fruit. trees. b. Christine Bucayu-Laurent Pests: Other than termites, Seed treatment: Clean seeds in a 2% Dukduk has little susceptibility to Contributors bleach solution for 5-10 minutes or treat fruit rots caused by Phytophthora, Joseph Tuquero, Christine Bucayu- with a fungicide. Colletotrichum (anthracnose), and Laurent, Adrienne Loerzel, Devin Germination time: 10-14 days Rhizopus. Phellinus noxius, a root rot, Frazier, and Thera Santos. Planting depth: Twice the width of the can also be a problem when trees are seed planted in recently cleared areas. Acknowledgements Pre-planting: Sprouts from pots should Special thanks to James R. Hollyer, be transplanted into individual pots How to Use This Plant and John “Bart” Lawrence for their soon after germination. Plants grown valuable contributions in the completion in 1 gallon pots should be transplanted Dukduk is moderately fast growing of this factsheet. into the ground after 4 months. in favorable conditions and is usually Special hints: Irrigation for the first 1-3 associated with tall native-canopy and Notes months of outplanting is necessary. secondary forests. The tree is important in the Chamorro culture for food, This publication is an update of: Pollinators: Honeybees, fruit bats, medicine, and wood. native doves, and other birds in the Joseph Tuquero, Devin Frazier, and Pacific islands. Agroforestry: Soil stabilization, soil Thera Santos. 2007. Dokduk/Dukduk. improvement, intercropping, overstory, Guam Department of Agriculture. 2pp. shade, ornamental, bee for age, host Production Conditions plant trellising For Further Information Wildlife: Food for fruit bats, native pH value: 6.1-7.4 doves, and other birds Forestry & Soil Resources Division Guam Department of Agriculture Water: Low Medicinal: The latex is used to treat Phone: (671) 735-3949/51 Salt tolerance: High broken bones and sprains, or taken Fax: (671) 734-0111 Wind tolerance: High diluted to treat intestinal issues. 163 Dairy Rd, Mangilao, Guam 96913 Crushed leaves treat skin ailments and http://forestry.guam.gov/ fungus diseases. Sap from leaf stalks .