2 ContentContent Throughput in Antwerp, Rotterdam and Zeebrugge Technological and spatial development of container facilities Current issues 3 Top container port regions in the world Container throughput in million TEU Cluster Main container ports 1985 R 1990 R 1995 R 2000 R 2002 R 2004 R Pearl River Delta Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangzhou 2.34 4 5.37 3 13.74 1 24.26 1 29.83 1 40.11 1 Singapore region Singapore, Tanjung Pelepas 1.70 7 5.09 4 11.85 2 17.46 2 19.47 2 25.35 2 Yangtze River Delta Shanghai, Ningbo 0.20 9 0.47 9 1.69 9 6.51 8 10.47 7 18.56 3 Rhine-Scheldt Delta Rotterdam, Antwerp, Zeebrugge 4.24 1 5.65 1 7.75 3 11.39 3 12.34 3 15.66 4 San Pedro Bay Los Angeles, Long Beach 2.25 5 3.71 5 5.40 5 9.48 5 10.63 5 13.10 5 Taiwan Kaohsiung, Keelung 3.08 2 5.45 2 7.67 4 10.51 4 11.61 4 13.03 6 Korean Twin Hub Busan, Gwangyang 1.16 8 2.35 8 4.50 7 8.22 6 10.53 6 12.75 7 Helgoland Bay Hamburg, Bremen 2.15 6 3.14 7 4.43 8 7.11 7 8.49 8 10.55 8 Tokyo Bay Tokyo, Yokohama 2.46 3 3.37 6 5.16 6 5.63 9 5.52 9 6.59 9 Source: ITMMA based on individual port data of CI Online 4 Top 15 European container ports (‘000 TEU) 1975 1985 1995 2001 2004 1000 TEU % 1000 TEU % 1000 TEU % 1000 TEU % 1000 TEU % 1 Rotterdam 1079 26.0% Rotterdam 2655 21.5% Rotterdam 4787 19.3% Rotterdam 6096 14.3% Rotterdam 8281 14.9% 2 Bremen 410 9.9% Antwerp 1243 10.1% Hamburg 2890 11.7% Hamburg 4689 11.0% Hamburg 7003 12.6% 3 Hamburg 326 7.8% Hamburg 1159 9.4% Antwerp 2329 9.4% Antwerp 4218 9.9% Antwerpen 6064 10.9% 4 Antwerp 297 7.1% Bremen 986 8.0% Felixstowe 1924 7.8% Bremen 2915 6.8% Bremen 3469 6.2% 5 Tilbury 232 5.6% Felixstowe 726 5.9% Bremen 1518 6.1% Felixstowe 2737 6.4% Gioia Tauro 3261 5.9% 6 Le Havre 231 5.6% Le Havre 566 4.6% Algeciras 1155 4.7% Gioia Tauro 2488 5.8% Algeciras 2937 5.3% 7 Felixstowe 230 5.5% Marseille 488 3.9% Le Havre 970 3.9% Algeciras 2152 5.0% Felixstowe 2625 4.7% 8 Southampton 199 4.8% Leghorn 475 3.8% La spezia 965 3.9% Genoa 1527 3.6% Le Havre 2150 3.9% 9 Zeebrugge 184 4.4% Tilbury 387 3.1% Barcelona 689 2.8% Le Havre 1523 3.6% Valencia 2137 3.8% 10 Genoa 162 3.9% Barcelona 353 2.9% Southampton 683 2.8% Valencia 1506 3.5% Barcelona 1911 3.4% 11 Marseille 94 2.3% Algeciras 351 2.8% Valencia 672 2.7% Barcelona 1411 3.3% Genoa 1629 2.9% 12 Barcelona 77 1.9% Genoa 324 2.6% Genoa 615 2.5% Piraeus 1202 2.8% Piraeus 1542 2.8% 13 Hull 76 1.8% Valencia 305 2.5% Piraeus 600 2.4% Marsaxlokk 1165 2.7% Marsaxlokk 1461 2.6% 14 Leghorn 66 1.6% Zeebrugge 218 1.8% Zeebrugge 528 2.1% Southampton 1164 2.7% Southampton 1441 2.6% 15 Bilbao 64 1.5% Southhamp 214 1.7% Marsaxlokk 515 2.1% La spezia 975 2.3% Zeebrugge 1197 2.1% Top 5 2344 56.4% Top 5 6769 54.8% Top 5 13448 54.3% Top 5 20656 48.5% Top 5 28078 50.4% Top 10 3350 80.6% Top 10 9038 73.1% Top 10 17911 72.4% Top 10 29851 70.0% Top 10 39839 71.5% Top 15 3727 89.7% Top 15 10450 84.6% Top 15 20841 84.2% Top 15 35768 83.9% Top 15 47108 84.6% TOTAL 4157 100% TOTAL 12358 100% TOTAL 24747 100% TOTAL 42622 100% TOTAL 55694 100% (47 ports) (47 ports) (47 ports) (47 ports) (47 ports) 5 Cargo throughput (‘000 TEU) in the Hamburg-Le Havre range 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2002 2004 2005 (est.) Rotterdam (NL) 1079 1901 2655 3666 4787 6275 6515 8281 9300 Hamburg (D) 326 783 1159 1969 2890 4248 5374 7003 7800 Antwerp (B) 297 724 1243 1549 2329 4082 4777 6064 6500 Bremen/Bremerhaven (D) 405 703 986 1163 1518 2752 2982 3469 3900 Le Havre (F) 232 507 566 858 970 1465 1720 2150 2100 Zeebrugge (B) 151 181 218 334 528 965 959 1197 1420 Dunkirk (F) 38 63 71 71 71 149 161 200 n.a. Rouen (F) 14 98 135 93 120 146 144 120 140 Amsterdam (NL) 32 72 79 69 91 53 45 52 n.a. Wilhelmshaven (D) 00006294143n.a. Ghent (B) 10101010 6102132n.a. Ostend (B) 000000915 9 Flushing (NL) 28 83 35 26 6 3 9 18 n.a. TOTAL 2612 5125 7158 9808 13322 20176 22760 28645 Source: data respective port authorities 6 Container throughput 1966-2005 (in 1000 TEU) Antwerpen 10000 Rotterdam 50% 9500 Zeebrugge 9000 Antwerp - share in Hamburg-Le Havre range 45% Rotterdam - share in Hamburg-Le Havre range 8500 Zeebrugge - share in Hamburg-Le Havre range 8000 40% nge a 7500 e r 7000 35% vr a 6500 6000 30% 5500 g-Le H 5000 25% mbur 4500 a H 4000 20% n 3500 e i 3000 15% 2500 et shar k Container throughput in 1000 TEU 2000 10% 1500 Mar 1000 5% 500 0 0% 7 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Container distribution in the large load centres of the Hamburg - Le Havre range, TEU – 1997 and 2003 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% Le Havre 11% Bremen 50% Hamburg 20% 16.0% 2003 31% 28% Antwerpen 40% 50% Rotterdam 30% 100% 49% 20% 38% 37% 90% 27% 30% 10% 16% 80% 0% 70% Europe America Africa Asia Australasia TOTAL 60% 50% 1997 25% 21.5% 40% 14% 31% 50% 23% 30% 20% 34% 34% 31% 30% 25% 10% 16% 0% 8 Europe America Africa Asia Australasia TOTAL Container terminal development – history The early years of containerisation in Antwerp Churchill Dock: Hessenatie-Neptunus Noord Natie Gylsen Havenbedrijf Pays etc.. Leopold Dock 1967 The first container gantry crane of Hessenatie-Neptunus at the Churchill Dock in Antwerp 9 Container terminal development - History The early years of containerisation in Rotterdam Waalhaven 1970s: start operations Unitcentre City Centre Shift of ALL containers to Maasvlakte ? Not feasible ! (study of 1974) Eemhaven •May 1966: Quick Dispatch - Prinses Beatrixhaven •August 1967: start operations ECT •1970: ECT Sea Land terminal 10 The handling of the first container vessels (Vessel of United States Lines) 11 Early solutions for container moves on terminals Source: Hinterland, no. 56, 1968 Side-loader 12 TheThe straddlestraddle carriercarrier 1968 1990s ‘ 1 over 3 ’ 13 Container terminal development -history Antwerp in the 1980s 1982: Delwaide Dock Hessenatie Noord Natie Seaport Terminals Delwaide Dock Terminal depth of 600 m 75% of total container throughput in 1989 14 Container terminal development - history Antwerp in the 1990s: on-stream facilities 1997: Noordzeeterminal 1990: Europaterminal 1999: upgrading Hessenatie terminal at Churchill dock 15 Spatial distribution of container throughput in the Antwerp port area 100% Scheldt Terminals 90% Delwaide Dock Churchill dock 80% Other terminals (multipurpose) 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% % in total container throughput Antwerp 10% 0% 1967 1975 1983 1989 1992 1995 1999 2001 2002 2003 16 Container terminal development - history Rotterdam in the 1980s Maasvlakte 1984: first vessel at Delta Terminal (now DMU) City Centre 17 Container terminal development - history Rotterdam in the 1990s Waalhaven Uniport (Morcon), Hanno Improved accessibility Maasvlakte City 1993: opening of DSL (now DDN) Centre Plan Delta 2000-8 1996: first phase DDE 2000: first phase DDW 1990s: barge terminal, rail terminal, Distripark Maasvlakte, etc.. Eemhaven 2000: Maersk Delta b.v. Extention ECT terminal Opening RST 18 Spatial distribution of the container throughput in the Rotterdam port area (DD = diversion distance) 7000 Rotterdam - Maasvlakte (DD = 17 km) 6000 Rotterdam - Eemhaven & Waalhaven (DD = 40) 5000 4000 3000 2000 Container throughput in 1000 TEU 1000 0 1988 1992 1995 1998 1999 19 Container terminal development - History Containerisation in Zeebrugge Successes and failures of containerisation in Zeebrugge: CAST dedicated terminal in inner port: 1991: Opening 1995: CAST moves out of Zeebrugge. Terminal is now used for RoRo Flanders Container Terminal 1994: Start Flanders Container Terminal (0.6m TEU) by Seaport Terminals/Katoen Natie 2005: concession taken away after years of severe underutilization OCHZ (now CHZ) Success story 20 Container terminal development - history Zeebrugge in the 1990s Deepsea container terminals (lolo) 1 = OCHZ - Hessenatie/IFB (now CHZ) 2 = FCT - Seaport Terminals/ Katoen Natie (1994-2005) 3 = CAST terminal (1991-1995) – inner port Rail terminals I = Rail terminal inner port II = Shunting yard IFB III = Rail terminal outer port 2 1 3 21 ROTTERDAM Today A 9 5 8 Planning area Maasvlakte 2 a 6 7 3 1 4 II III b c C Diepzeecontainerterminals 1 = RST (Rotterdam Shortsea Terminal) I B 2 = Home Terminal - ECT (Eemhaven) 2 3 = Hanno + Morcon (Waalhaven) 4 = ECT (Waalhaven) 5 = Delta Dedicated North (DDE) - ECT Gespecialiseerde spoorterminals 6 = Delta Dedicated East (DDE) - ECT I = RSC Rotterdam (Eemhaven) - NS Cargo/GHR 7 = Delta Dedicated West (DDW) - ECT II = ECT terminal Maasvlakte - ECT 8 = Delta Multi-User terminal (DMU) - ECT III = Rail Terminal West - ECT 9 = APM Terminals Distriparks Gespecialiseerde binnenvaartterminals a = Distripark Maasvlakte A = Barge terminal (Hartelhaven) - ECT b = Distripark Botlek B = Waalhaven Terminal en Barge Center Waalhaven (Waalhaven) - Waalhaven Groep c = Distripark Eemhaven C = Holland Terminals (Botlek) - Hessenatie 22 The Delta terminal complex at the Maasvlakte - Rotterdam DMU APM Terminals DDW DDN DDE New barge/SSS terminal (under construction) Source ECT 23 AGV’s used on DDN, DDW and DDE (ECT) Maasvlakte Rotterdam Source ECT 24 Container terminal development Future projects in Rotterdam Euromax terminal (first phase 2007) P&O Nedlloyd (?)/ ECT Second Maasvlakte (2013 ?) 25 Container terminal development Future projects in Rotterdam Euromax (5 m TEU; 2m TEU in first phase) Delta (Maasvlakte I) Maasvlakte II 26 Deepsea container terminals ANTWERP 1 = Noordzee Terminal - HNN 2 = Europa Terminal - HNN (situation on January 1, 2006) 3 = Delwaide Dock - P&O Ports (future MSC) 4 = Delwaide Dock – Home Terminal MSC/HNN 5 = Churchilldock - P&O Ports 6 = Churchilldock - HNN 7 = Hansadok - P&O Ports 8 = Deurganck Dock – Antwerp Gateway – P&O Ports Consortium (first phase operational since Sept.