UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND ITS IMPACT ON ECUADOR The Second World War was the largest and the most violent armed conflict that opposed, between 1939 and 1945, the Allied countries with a democratic ideology and the Axis coalition with a totalitarian character. At the beginning of the war, the first block consisted of the United Kingdom, France, Poland, the United States of America , China and the Soviet Union. The war was started by Germany, but later it was joined by Italy and Japan, making the Axis Powers block. The start of the war was in September 1, 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany. Many countries which weren’t initially involved joined the war later as a result of events such as the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor . The Second World War was not only fought in the European and Pacific battlefields. Some other small nations also were involved in this huge struggle. The Republic of Ecuador was one of these nations, playing an important role during it. Ecuador had been experiencing an economic crisis, which lasted until the Second World War when Ecuador sided with the Allies and profited from raw material exports. However, Peru took the opportunity to seize the undeveloped Amazonian territories from Ecuador, causing a war with Peru in 1941 and forcing the Ecuadorian government to fall and sign the Rio Protocol in 1942. Over seventy million people, the majority civilians, were killed, making the Second World War the deadliest conflict in human history. Keywords: Second World War, the United States of America, Pearl Harbor, Ecuador, 1941, the Rio Protocol MARIA JOSE OCHOA GUERRERO/ 2010 1 DIANA DEL ROCIO PEREZ CARCHI UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 8 CHAPTER I. THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1.1 THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR 9 1.1.1 The United States and The Second World War 9 1.1.2 The Attack to Pearl Harbor 19 1.1.3 The war Starts 36 1.1.4 The war Ends 44 CHAPTER II. FASCIM 2.1 Adolph Hitler 52 2.2 Early Life and Education 52 2.3 Political Features 53 2.4 The Aryan Race 59 CHAPTER III. THE IMPACT OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR 3.1 The Conference in Rio 73 3.2 Impact of the Rio Protocol on Ecuador 81 3.2.1 The Impact on the Geography of Ecuador 85 3.3. The Social Impact 94 3.3.1 Exile of an Ecuadorian – German Family 96 CHAPTER IV. ECUADORIAN EVENTS DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR 4.1 The Indoor War in Ecuador 116 4.2 President’s Arroyo Overthrow 122 4.3 Ecuador’s Participation in the Second World War 130 CHAPTER V. THE WORLD AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR 5.1 A New World Order 138 5.2 Ecuador after World War II 152 5.3 An Economic View 160 5.4 A Social View 164 MARIA JOSE OCHOA GUERRERO/ 2010 2 DIANA DEL ROCIO PEREZ CARCHI UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA CONCLUSION 166 RECOMMEDATIONS 167 BIBLIOGRAPHY 168 GLOSSARY 170 ANNEXS 177 MARIA JOSE OCHOA GUERRERO/ 2010 3 DIANA DEL ROCIO PEREZ CARCHI UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA “THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND ITS IMPACT ON ECUADOR” TESIS PREVIA A LA OBTENCION DE LA LICENCIATURA EN CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION ESPECIALIDAD LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA AUTORAS: MARIA JOSE OCHOA GUERRERO DIANA DEL ROCIO PEREZ CARCHI DIRECTOR: MST. VICENTE ENCALADA CUENCA - ECUADOR 2010 MARIA JOSE OCHOA GUERRERO/ 2010 4 DIANA DEL ROCIO PEREZ CARCHI UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA DEDICATORY With all my love and gratitude I dedicate this thesis to God. Thanks for his patience and unconditional love. He gave me the opportunity to live and have a wonderful family. So this work is for him. I also dedicate this work to my parents who gave me the life and who have been always with me. Thanks dad, thanks mom for giving me a career for my future and for believing in me. This work is also dedicated to my brothers who have been always supporting me with their advice. I love you with all my heart! Thanks to my grandparents, teachers, and friends. You also are very important in the culmination of this work. Therefore, I am so grateful with each one of you, thanks for your support, love, and advice. Thanks for not leaving me alone and be part of my life. MARIA JOSE MARIA JOSE OCHOA GUERRERO/ 2010 5 DIANA DEL ROCIO PEREZ CARCHI UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA DEDICATORY I want to dedicate this work for the most important people in my life, my father, my sisters and my brothers who have always been giving me the courage that I needed in my career. However; there is a person who is the indirect owner of this whole work. She is the best friend that god has given me. I have failed her lot of times now, this is the best opportunity to compensate her for the unconditional support that she has always given me. She is the only person who has been next to me in good and hard times especially in the last ones. She has cried with me, she has suffered with me and now I know that she is smiling with me. This is the least thing that I can do for her comparative to what she has done for me. This work is because of you. This work is for you. This work is yours. I love you MOM. DIANA MARIA JOSE OCHOA GUERRERO/ 2010 6 DIANA DEL ROCIO PEREZ CARCHI UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT God! Thanks for allowing us to achieve what we proposed, because you have always been giving us the strength and wisdom that we needed day by day for not giving up ever. We want to acknowledge with gratitude the help of all our teachers in the English Specialization, but our special consideration goes to Mst. Vicente Encalada, responsible for the guidance of this thesis who has headed us to carry out this work successfully. Finally, we want to give thanks one each other because it has been a hard way and we really needed from our own support. Thank you friend for being my battle mate ¡ MARIA JOSE OCHOA GUERRERO/ 2010 7 DIANA DEL ROCIO PEREZ CARCHI UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA INTRODUCTION World War II, also known as the Second World War, was considered the largest conflict in history, spanning the entire world and involving more countries than any other war, as well as introducing powerful new weapons, and culminating in the first use of new nuclear weapons. After several years of fighting and destruction, the Allies won over the Axis. However, many people died during the Second World War. When the war began many nations around the world decided to join forces in order to defeat the Axis Powers; Ecuador was not the exception, playing important role in the war. It had to suffer some important changes; however, most of them helped Ecuador to improve its development as a nation. Therefore, this thesis, “The Second World War and its Impact on Ecuador,” presents important topics which will help people to understand the war’s big struggle, its beginnings, its reasons, its development, and especially the impacts that it produced on Ecuador and how it reacted to them. A war is one of the most tragic things in our world. It is even sadder that it usually comes around at least once in our lifetime. A careful consideration of the past may show humans a better way in the years to come, enabling the new generations to make up for the errors committed in the past, thus making them able to rule this vast, rapidly developing world, in accordance with the needs and the dignity of mankind. Also, he numerous new technological developments, such as nuclear energy and electronics, and all their benefits will help new generations to create a more peaceful world. MARIA JOSE OCHOA GUERRERO/ 2010 8 DIANA DEL ROCIO PEREZ CARCHI UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA INGLESA CHAPTER I THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1.1 THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1.1.1 THE UNITED STATES AND THE SECOND WORLD WAR Most Americans were isolationists during the two decades of World War I. In this same period, their government played an important leading role on the world scene. American attitudes toward foreign affairs seemed contradictory during those years. Americans had become absorbed in their own problems. The business boom, sports, automobiles, movies, radio, etc., all served to distract a generation uninterested in reform and world affairs. The United States remained out of the League of Nations and began to distrust wartime allies who resented repaying what they had borrowed from America.