BERKELEY REVIEW OF Latin American Studies UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY SPRINGFALL 20102007 GGreenreen IIdeasdeas FFromrom EEuropeurope CChinahina DiscoversDiscovers LLatinatin AAmericamerica TThehe UU.S.–Mexican.S.–Mexican WWarar Table of Contents BERKELEY REVIEW OF LATIN A MERICAN STUDIES FALL 2010 Comment Harley Shaiken 1 Green Ideas From Europe Robert Collier 3 China Discovers Latin America Kevin P. Gallagher 8 Forgotten Foes Brian DeLay 14 Gender, Politics and the Church Margaret Chowning 20 Radicals, Revolutionaries and Exiles: Barry Carr 26 Mexico City in the 1920s City of Lakes: Searching for Pantitlan Ivonne del Valle 31 RRubbishubbish PPeopleeople Nancy Scheper-Hughes 38 SSustainableustainable AArchitecturerchitecture Sandy Brown 48 LLatinatin AAmerica’smerica’s CCleantechleantech FFutureuture Christian E. Casillas 52 DDeatheath DDealingealing iinn GGuatemalauatemala CCityity Anthony Fontes 56 Outfl anking Discrimination Allison Davenport 62 The Rise and Fall of Narco-Soccer Sarah Krupp 65 Remembering Romero Anthony Fontes 68 Fernando Botero’s “Country Wedding” Peter Selz 72 The Berkeley Review of Latin American Studies is published by the Center for Latin American Studies, 2334 Bowditch Street, Berkeley, CA 94720. Chair Harley Shaiken Acting Vice Chair Editor Program Coordinator Dionicia Ramos Jean Spencer Beth Perry Assistant to the Chair Design and Layout Brittany Gabel Greg Louden Contributing Editor: Deborah Meacham Additional thanks to: Patricia Albers, Lisa Marie Amparo, Adam Boscoe, Fernando Botero, William Hernandez, Kathleen Langjahr, Jeffrey Leaf, Emma Mederos, Ana Montano, Erin Owens, Bertrand Patenaude, Fr. Robert Pelton, Ana María Pineda RSM, Chelsea Rhadigan, Emily Rothschild, Richard Schechman, Lou Stancari, Scott Townsend, Throckmorton Fine Art, Araceli Vazquez, Maria Wichmann, Denise Wright, Jeff Zimbalist, Michael Zimbalist. Contributing photographers: Ricardo Beliel, Jim Block, Alex Bowie, Russ Bowling, José Cabezas, Edward S. Curtis, Jerome Favre, Tomás Filsinger, Anthony Fontes, Ricardo Funari, Johan Hagemeyer, Dario Lopez-Mills, Francisco Martínez, Jon Melnick, Tina Modotti, Ricardo Moraes, Vik Muniz, Jaim Peña, Frank Perry, Ciccio Pizzetarro, Dionicia Ramos, A.F. Randall, Luis Romero, Shane Runquist, Andrea Schaffer, Rodrigo Soldon, Jeffrey R. Staab, Jonathan Talbot, Renato Targa, Bernai Velarde, Lucy Walker, World Resources Council, Brother Lawrence Yew, Jean-Louis Zimmermann. Front cover: A boneco gigante (giant puppet) in Santa Cecilia, São Paulo, Brazil. Photo © Renato Targa. BERKELEY REVIEW OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES Fall 2010 1 Comment Climate change does not Review presents three historical advanced screenings of two fi lms recognize borders, and policies to articles on Mexico. Brian DeLay widely mentioned as possible Academy address its consequences need to be discusses the role of indigenous Award nominees for best documentary. equally international. Over the last peoples in the Mexican–American Charles Ferguson came to present year, the Center for Latin American War (1846-48); Margaret Chowning his riveting fi lm “Inside Job,” which Studies (CLAS) has been engaged in examines the relationship between deconstructs the meltdown of the discussions and collaborations on women, politics and the Church from U.S. fi nancial system, a catastrophic this issue from Antofogasta, Chile, to 1810 to 1910; and Barry Carr looks at event with implications from Iceland Berkeley, California. Participants have Mexico City as a haven for radicals to Latin America. And Berkeley included Chile’s former President and exiles in the decade after the anthropologist Nancy Scheper-Hughes Ricardo Lagos and renewable energy Revolution. The last two articles were reviews “Waste Land,” an unusual and scientist and innovator Stanford drawn from a conference convened compelling fi lm about Brazil, garbage Ovshinsky. Now, as part of our by Berkeley’s Bancroft Library and pickers and art. program “Alternative Energy and the co-sponsored by CLAS. Americas,” we are including Europe Finally, CLAS had an unusually — Harley Shaiken in the dialogue. active fi lm program this fall, including We begin this issue of the Review Harley Shaiken and Daniel Cohn-Bendit on the Berkeley campus. with an article about the Berkeley visit of Daniel Cohn-Bendit, a leader of the Greens in the European Parliament. Robert Collier, a visiting scholar at Berkeley’s Goldman School of Public Policy, lays out Cohn-Bendit’s argument that Europe has “the potential to join with Latin America to pursue multilateralism and low-carbon energy policies” and documents the political leader’s comments on the challenges that need to be surmounted. In the same global frame, Kevin Gallagher writes about the meteoric rise of China’s influence in Latin America over the last decade. He notes that China “has created an unprecedented demand for Latin American and Caribbean goods, particularly commodities, which has helped boost the region’s growth” and then explores the possibilities and consequences this phenomenon entails. As part of a year-long commemoration of Mexico’s centen- nials — the 1810 War for Independ- ence and the 1910 Revolution — this Jim Block. Photo by CENTER FOR LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES, UC BERKELEY 2 Article Title Daniel Cohn-Bendit in front of solar panels during his 2009 electoral campaign. (Photo by Frank Perry/AFP/GettyImages.) >> BERKELEY REVIEW OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES Fall 2010 3 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Green Ideas From Europe by Robert Collier he lack of American climate negotiations in Copenhagen as “Dany le Rouge” — “Danny the leadership on environment in December 2009. Red” — a description of both his T and climate change has “In Copenhagen, the big politics and his red hair. The French created a power vacuum that many negotiations on climate, it was a government attempted to expel him are hoping Europe will fill and Latin catastrophe,” he said. “Why? Because from the country, leading students America will emulate. But after the Europeans didn’t have the guts, the to take up the chant, “Nous sommes championing the Kyoto Protocol organization to lead. The Americans tous des Juifs allemands” (“We are all and taking the lead on action — Obama was afraid of Congress, so German Jews”). against global warming, European he didn’t do anything. The Chinese In the following years, he settled Union nations have been struggling — even if they do [support a common in Germany and became a leader to turn their good intentions into climate strategy], they had one idea — of that country’s “autonomist” viable climate policies. that whatever we do, nobody can and movement, which blended anarchism Daniel Cohn-Bendit, the leader should control us.” and Marxism. Since 1994, Cohn- of Europe’s Greens, says that while Cohn-Bendit is one of the most Bendit has been elected alternately as European integration is still a model iconic, cosmopolitan fi gures of the European Parliament representative for the world, it is weakening steadily. European left, playing a key role in of the German Greens, then the During a visit to the Center for Latin both France and Germany. French Greens, and once again the American Studies on September 29, He was born in 1945 in southern German Greens — the only person to Cohn-Bendit said that despite what France to German-Jewish parents have been elected to that body from he called Europe’s unwillingness to who had fl ed Nazism. Later, as an more than one country. buck U.S. power, it had the potential anarchist student leader in Paris, he Along the way, Cohn-Bendit to join with Latin America to pursue became one of the central fi gures in managed to anger both the right and multilateralism and low-carbon the Paris student uprising and general left wings for his mix of radicalism energy policies. strike of 1968. He was widely known and realism — from the right, for his “The Europeans with Latin >> America have to start what could Daniel Cohn-Bendit addresses a 1968 meeting at the Gare de l’Est, Paris. be a feasible coalition with feasible laws that they can reach,” he told an audience of about 300. “The problem of this is [whether] the Europeans, in contradiction with what happened in Copenhagen, are really ready to organize themselves, to take the lead in the discussion, not just wait for the American president.” Cohn-Bendit’s prescription was a sign that as the United States remains wracked with indecision about how — or whether — to do anything about climate change, Europe is having its own moments of angst. He sharply criticized Europe’s failure to break from Uncle Sam’s embrace and take the lead in the UN AFP/Getty Images. Photo by CENTER FOR LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES, UC BERKELEY 4 Green Ideas From Europe Photo courtesy of Stan Ovshinsky. A ThyssenKrupp facility in Germany covered in thin-fi lm solar material. backing of open immigration, the legalization of soft drugs way of economy, is destroying the planet. If we and the abandonment of nuclear power, and from the left destroy the planet, what will be the end? for his support for free-market economic policies and for Cohn-Bendit echoed his own uneasy experience trying European military intervention in Bosnia and Afghanistan. to act as a bridge between radical and environmentalist Currently known as “Danny the Green,” he is co- wings of the French-German left. “With the ecological president of the European Greens/European Free Alliance crisis, the mantra of the workers movement has to change,” in the European Parliament. Yet he told his Berkeley he said. “And because there are jobs that people have that audience that he is disappointed at Europe’s decision to they will lose. And their way of production is changing bow to pressure from industrial lobbies by creating a cap- … coal mines, and all the ‘green coal’ rhetoric, also from and-trade system that affects only the power-generating Obama, is rubbish. Green coal doesn’t exist. Coal is black. sector rather than all business sectors. He was quizzed Nobody has seen green coal. Neither has Obama.” pointedly about this and other European weaknesses from He cast Europe’s dilemma as a tug of war between nation- questioners posting via Internet.