The Middle East - Peace by Piece The Quest for a Solution to the Arab-Israeli Conflict Hassan A. Barari The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan The Deposit Number at The National Library (2009/20/4433) 327.17 Barari, Hassan The Middle East Peace by Piece: The Quest For a Solution to the Arab-Israeli Conflict\ Hassan A. Barari.- Amman: Friedrich, 2009 ( 142 )p. Deposit No. : (2009/10/4433) Descriptors:\Political Sciences \\Middle East\ ❖ اأعدت دائرة املكتبة الوطنية بيانات الفهر�صة والت�صنيف الأولية ❖ يتحمل املوؤلف كامل امل�صوؤولية القانونية عن حمتوى م�صنفه ول رّيعب هذا امل�صنف عن راأي دائرة املكتبة الوطنية اأو اأي جهة حكومية اأخرى Table of Contents List of Contributors 5 Preface 7 Introduction 9 Chapter 1: Peace with Israel: Reality or Illusion? 13 1.1. Hussein’s Peace ................................................................................................................................................. 16 1.2. The Illusion of Warm Peace ........................................................................................................ 18 1.2.1. Impediments to Normalization ........................................................................ 22 1.3. Clash of Interests or a Clash of Strategies? .................................................... 24 1.4. Conclusion: Lessons Learnt ........................................................................................................ 27 Chapter 2: Israel and its Arab Neighbors: 29 Peace, Obstacles, and Prospects Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 31 2.1. Common Factors ............................................................................................................................................. 31 2.2. Israeli-Jordanian Peace Relations at the Governmental Level: A Special Case ........................................................................ 33 2.3. The Egyptian-Israeli Cold Peace ........................................................................................ 37 2.4. The Role of Leaders in Peacemaking ........................................................................ 38 2.5. No Peace and Normalization on Personal Level ................................... 40 2.6. Syria and Israel: From Conflict to Peace............................................................. 42 2.7. Peace Negotiations ....................................................................................................................................... 44 Chapter 3: Egyptian-Israeli Relations: 47 From Cold War to Warm Peace Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 49 3.1. A Conceptual Framework ............................................................................................................... 50 3.1.1. Protracted Social Conflict......................................................................................... 50 3.2. From Cold Peace to Cold War ................................................................................................ 54 3.3. The Road to Warm Peace ................................................................................................................. 57 3.4. Egypt-Israel:Horizons for the Future ......................................................................... 58 3.5. Conclusion: Lessons Learnt ........................................................................................................ 59 Chapter 4: The Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process Revisited 61 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 63 4.1. The Oslo Process ............................................................................................................................................. 63 4.2. The Camp David Summit and its Aftermath ................................................ 70 4.3. The Al-Aqsa Intifada ............................................................................................................................... 74 4.4. The Current Cycle of War and Peacemaking ............................................... 77 4.5. Conclusion: Lessons Learnt ........................................................................................................ 82 Chapter 5: The Oslo Accords: The Text, the Intentions, and the Question of Peace 87 Chapter 5: The Oslo Accords: The Text, The Intentions, 87 and the Question of Peace Introduction 89 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 89 5.1. History Matters ..................................................................................................90 5.1. History Matters ................................................................................................................................................... 90 5.2. A Conflicting Text ............................................................................................93 5.2. A Conflicting Text ......................................................................................................................................... 93 5.3. Hamas and Netanyahu Factors ........................................................................96 5.3. Hamas and Netanyahu Factors .............................................................................................. 96 5.4. Barak’s and Arafat’s Adventures ...............................................................99 5.4. Barak’s and Arafat’s Adventures ........................................................................................ 99 5.5. New Realities Require a New Approach ..................................................101 5.5. New Realities Require a New Approach ............................................................. 101 Chapter 6: Israel and Lebanon: A Precarious Relationship 105 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 107 6.1. Peace Process ......................................................................................................................................................... 107 Chapter 6: Israel and Lebanon: A Precarious Relationship 6.2. Impediments to a Negotiated Agreement ........................................................... 112 105 6.2.1. Lebanon: Not a True Partner ................................................................................ 112 6.2.2. Ignoring Syria ................................................................................................................................. 114 Introduction 107 6.3. Future Relations: Necessary vs Sufficient Conditions 6.1. Peace Process? ..................................................................................................107 for a Peace Agreement .......................................................................................................................... 116 6.4. Conclusion: Lessons Learnt ........................................................................................................ 119 6.2. Impediments to a Negotiated Agreement ...............................................112 6.2.1. Lebanon: Not a True Partner ......................................................112 Chapter 7: The Israeli-Syrian Peace Negotiations: 121 The Track of Lost Opportunities 6.2.2. Ignoring Syria ...................................................................................114 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 123 6.3. Future Relations: Necessary vs Sufficient Conditions 7.1. The Madrid Peace Process: Conflict over the Golan for a Peace Agreement ...................................................................................116 Heights ............................................................................................................................................................................. 124 6.4. Conclusion: Lessons Learnt ........................................................................119 7.2. Rabin’s “Deposit”: Withdrawal from the Golan .................................... 124 7.3. Press and “The New Middle East” ................................................................................. 131 7.4. Barak and the Last Chance ........................................................................................................... 132 7.5. Lessons Learnt ..................................................................................................................................................... 136 Chapter 7: The Israeli-Syrian Peace Negotiations: The Track of Lost Opportunities Conclusion 139 121 Introduction 123 7.1. The Madrid Peace Process: Conflict over the Golan Heights ...124 Published in 2009 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung 7.2. Rabin’s «Deposit»: Withdrawal from the Golan ................................124 Amman Office P.O. Box 926238, Amman 11110 Jordan 7.3. Press and «The New Middle East» .............................................................131 Web: www.fes-jordan.org,