FMI 3-07.22 Counterinsurgency Operations OCTOBER 2004 EXPIRES OCTOBER 2006 HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Distribution Restriction: Distribution authorized to the DOD and DOD contractors only to maintain operations security. This determination was made on 1 April 2004. Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander, US Army Combined Arms Center and Fort Leavenworth, ATTN: ATZL-CD (FMI 3-07.22), 1 Reynolds Avenue (Building 111), Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-1352. Destruction Notice: Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. This publication is available at Army Knowledge Online www.us.army.mil *FMI 3-07.22 Field Manual–Interim Headquarters No. 3-07.22 Department of the Army Washington, DC, 1 October 2004 Expires 1 October 2006 Counterinsurgency Operations Contents Page PREFACE .............................................................................................................iv INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................vi Chapter 1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................ 1-1 Definition of Insurgency...................................................................................... 1-1 Elements of the Insurgency................................................................................ 1-1 Origins and Causes............................................................................................ 1-3 Insurgent Doctrine .............................................................................................. 1-5 Dynamics of Insurgency ..................................................................................... 1-7 State Approach to Insurgency ............................................................................ 1-9 Chapter 2 COMMAND AND CONTROL IN A COUNTERINSURGENCY ENVIRONMENT2-1 Section I – Introduction.................................................................................... 2-1 General............................................................................................................... 2-1 Fundamental Conditions .................................................................................... 2-2 Section II – Role of the Army in Counterinsurgency .................................... 2-3 Section III – Planning Consideration for Counterinsurgency...................... 2-4 Mission Analysis ................................................................................................. 2-4 Intelligence Estimate .......................................................................................... 2-4 Civil-Military Operations Estimate ...................................................................... 2-5 Section IV – Command and Control ............................................................... 2-6 Command and Control of Counterinsurgency Forces........................................ 2-6 Army Special Operations Forces........................................................................ 2-7 Multinational Forces ........................................................................................... 2-9 Section V – Coordination............................................................................... 2-10 Interagency Coordination ................................................................................. 2-10 Coordination with Host-Nation Civil Authorities................................................ 2-11 Coordinating Structures.................................................................................... 2-12 Civil-Military Operations Center........................................................................ 2-13 Distribution Restriction: Distribution authorized to the DOD and DOD contractors only to maintain operations security. This determination was made on 1 April 2004. Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander, US Army Combined Arms Center and Fort Leavenworth, ATTN: ATZL-CD (FMI 3-07.22), 1 Rey- nolds Avenue (Building 111), Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-1352. Destruction Notice: Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. i FMI 3-07.22 Section VI – Rules of Engagement................................................................2-13 Section VII – Civil-Military Operations Mission Planning and Criteria of Success............................................................................................................2-15 Section VIII – Other Planning Considerations .............................................2-16 Planning for Public Affairs and Media Teams...................................................2-16 Use of Interpreters ............................................................................................2-17 Chapter 3 COUNTERINSURGENCY OPERATIONS .........................................................3-1 Section I – Concept of Operations ..................................................................3-1 General ...............................................................................................................3-1 Command and Control........................................................................................3-1 Resource Allocation ............................................................................................3-2 Section II – Civil-Military Operations...............................................................3-2 General ...............................................................................................................3-2 Population and Resource Control.......................................................................3-2 Control Program Phases.....................................................................................3-3 Section III – Counterinsurgency Combat Operations ...................................3-8 Objectives ...........................................................................................................3-8 Intelligence..........................................................................................................3-8 Host-Nation Security Force Operations..............................................................3-8 Offensive Operations ..........................................................................................3-8 Defensive Operations .......................................................................................3-10 Clear and Hold ..................................................................................................3-11 Section IV – Information Operations.............................................................3-14 Information-Environment-Based Threats..........................................................3-14 Information Operations in Support of Counterinsurgency ................................3-16 Application of IO Elements In Counterinsurgency Support ..............................3-18 Section V – The Media ....................................................................................3-18 Chapter 4 INTELLIGENCE..................................................................................................4-1 General ...............................................................................................................4-1 Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield Planning Considerations...................4-2 Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield Assessment ......................................4-5 The Threat...........................................................................................................4-8 Types of Intelligence Support ...........................................................................4-12 ISR Planning in Counterinsurgency Operations ...............................................4-16 Chapter 5 PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS AND MILITARY POLICE SUPPORT........5-1 General ...............................................................................................................5-1 Section I – Psychological Operations.............................................................5-1 Mission Of Psycohological Operations ...............................................................5-1 Tactical Psychological Operations......................................................................5-2 Tactical Psychological Operations Team............................................................5-2 Advising the Supported Commander..................................................................5-3 Loudspeaker Operations.....................................................................................5-3 Printed Products .................................................................................................5-3 Face-To-Face Communications .........................................................................5-4 Pretesting and Posttesting..................................................................................5-4 Town and Area Assessments .............................................................................5-4 Radio and Television Station Assessments........................................................5-4 Civil Disturbance .................................................................................................5-4 Propaganda Assessments and Counterpropaganda .........................................5-4 Psycohological Operations Considerations ........................................................5-5