VOL. 2 NO. 1 - JUNE 2015 Editors: Michael T. Kezirian, Ph.D. Joseph Pelton, Ph.D. Tommaso Sgobba Journal of Space Safety Engineering – Vol. 2 No. 1 - June 2015 JOURNAL of SPACE SAFETY ENGINEERING Volume 2 No. 1 – June 2015 EDITORS Michael T. Kezirian, Ph.D. Tommaso Sgobba Joseph Pelton, Ph.D. The Boeing Company European Space Agency (ret.) George Washington University (ret.) University of Southern California Managing Editor Assistant Editor-in-Chief Editor-in-Chief EDITORIAL BOARD George W. S. Abbey Joe H. Engle Isabelle Rongier National Aeronautics and Space Administration (ret.) Maj Gen. USAF (ret.) Airbus Safran Launchers Sayavur Bakhtiyarov, Ph.D. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Kai-Uwe Schrogl, Ph.D. University of New Mexico Herve Gilibert European Space Agency Kenneth Cameron Airbus Space & Defense Zhumabek Zhantayev Science Applications International Corporation Jeffrey A. Hoffman, Ph.D. National Center of Space Researches and Luigi De Luca, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Technologies (NCSRT)- Kazakhstan Politecnico di Milano Ernst Messerschmid, Ph.D. University of Stuttgart (ret.) FIELD EDITORS William Ailor, Ph.D. Gary Johnson Erwin Mooij, Ph.D. The Aerospace Corporation Science Application International Corporation Delft University of Technology Christophe Bonnal Barbara Kanki John D. Olivas, PhD, PE Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales National Aeronautics and Space Administration (ret.) University of Texas El Paso Jonathan B. Clark, M.D., M.P.H Bruno Lazare Nobuo Takeuchi Baylor College of Medicine Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Victor Chang Carine Leveau Brian Weeden Canadian Space Agency Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales Secure World Foundation Paul J. Coleman, Jr., Ph.D. Tobias Lips Paul D. Wilde, Ph.D., P.E. University of California at Los Angeles (Emeritus) Hypersonic Technology Goettingen Federal Aviation Administration Natalie Costedoat Michael Lutomski Uwe Wirt Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales Space Exploration Technologies German Aerospace Center (DLR) AIMS and SCOPE The Journal of Space Safety Engineering (JSSE) provides an authoritative source of information in the field of space safety design, research and develop- ment. It serves applied scientists, engineers, policy makers and safety advocates with a platform to develop, promote and coordinate the science, technol- ogy and practice of space safety. JSSE seeks to establish channels of communication between industry, academy and government in the field of space safety and sustainability. MAIN JSSE TOPICS • Safety by design • Human factors and performance • Space Situational Awareness • Safety on long duration missions • Safety critical software design • Space traffic control • Launch and re-entry safety • Safety risk assessment • Space traffic and air traffic interfaces • Space hazards (debris, NEO objects) • Safety risk management • Space materials safety • Space weather and radiation • Organizational culture and safety • Safe & Rescue • Environmental impacts • Regulations and standards for safety • Safety lessons learned • Nuclear safety for space systems • Space-based safety critical systems Publication information: The Journal of Space Safety Engineering (ISSN Pending) is a quarterly publication of the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS). You can read about IAASS mission, goals, organization, membership and activities at: http://iaass.space-safety. org/. 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Credits: Kristhian Mason, IAASS graphic designer, for cover image, graphic work, layout and paginations. Cover pictures: Orbital-3 Mission, NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia, America - 27 Oct 2014 - Joel Kowsky/NASA/REX; ss-141029-cygnus-rocket-explosion-mn-04 - SPACE-ORBITAL/Handout International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety Journal of Space Safety Engineering – Vol. 2 No. 1 - June 2015 EDITORIAL A COMMON LANGUAGE AND THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE MEDICINE SUMMIT 2015 George W. S. Abbey Baker Institute, Rice University On June 4-7, 2015, the Space Policy Program at Rice [See Hansen, C and Cassidy C, JSSE Vol 1, No, 1, pp University’s Baker Institute and Baylor College of 32-39]. Cosmonaut Sergei Ryzansky also described his Medicine hosted the ninth annual International Space record breaking space walk on Space Station in Decem- Medicine Summit (ISMS) at the Baker Institute on the ber 27, 2013, the longest Russian EVA in history. campus of Rice University. ISMS 2015 brought together the world’s leading physicians, space biomedical scien- Another highlight of ISMS 2015 was a half-hour live tists, engineers, astronauts, cosmonauts and educators video conference with astronaut Scott Kelly and cosmo- from the spacefaring nations for high-level discussions naut Mikhail Kornienko on board the ISS and Tom Staf- to identify not only necessary space medicine research ford, Alexi Leonov and NASA Administrator Charles goals but also ways to further enhance international co- Bolden at the Baker Institute. Their discussion provided operation and collaborative research. All of the Inter- context for the summit deliberations. national Space Station (ISS) partners were represented, Canada, the European Space Agency, Japan, and Russia. The historic Apollo-Soyuz Mission in July of 1975 was In addition China, the third human space faring nation in an event of significant importance. It brought hope to a the world was also represented at the Summit. world had lived under the threat of complete devasta- tion or destruction, as two major Cold War adversaries International cooperation is essential to the human ex- worked together to achieve a common objective. That ploration of space and ISMS 2015 recognized and cel- singular event has had a lasting and beneficial effect on ebrated the 40th Anniversary of the Apollo-Soyuz Test the two adversaries and the world, as they now work to- Project (ASTP) mission, the advent of a relationship and gether with other international partners to fly the largest cooperation that is the foundation of the International international research facility that has ever been built in Space Station (ISS). Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA) has an orbit over two hundred miles above the earth. Apol- also played a major role in the assembly and mainte- lo-Soyuz achieved success and the International Space nance of the ISS, and ISMS 2015 also celebrated the Station is successful primarily because safety was and 50th Anniversary of the world’s first EVA, performed by is an integral and fundamental consideration in the ex- Cosmonaut Alexi Leonov in March 1965. ecution of the two programs. The engineers from the two countries shared a common and an essential bond A special EVA Panel was held as a part of the Summit and in achieving their successes in space, safety. It was a its related discussions proved to be very interesting and common language between the engineers on both sides. memorable. Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov was one of the That is clearly demonstrated by the EVA’s described in six astronauts and cosmonauts that made up the panel. the special EVA Panel convened at the Summit. From General Leonov described his historic 1965 space walk Alexei Leonov’s first tentative steps outside his Voskhod in detail. General Tom Stafford and Astronaut Gene Cer- 2 spacecraft, to Gene Cernan’s problem plagued space nan in turn, described the planning and execution of the walk on Gemini IX, to the life threatening events that United States EVA that was an integral part of their 1966 occurred on Expedition 36 on-board the Space Station, Gemini IX Mission and the many problems encountered. safety was primary, and ensured the return