Founded in June 1950 THE REVIEW I OF INTERNATIONAL R A AFFAIRS UDK 327 ISSN 0486-6096 BELGRADE, VOL. LXI, No. 1140, OCTOBER–DECEMBER 2010 Branislav Radeljić GROWING CONCERNS ABOUT ISLAM IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Bojan Dobovšek UNDERSTANDING THE COLOMBIAN Vlado Odar CIVIL WAR Igor Janev LEGAL MODE FOR ADVISORY Dragan Petrović REDRESS AT THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE FOR THE CASE OF MACEDONIAN UN MEMBERSHIP Ratko M. Vukanić THE POSITIONS OF AFRICAN STATES ON THE PROBLEM OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY AND INTEGRITY IN AFRICA Pero Petrović THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIA DOCUMENTS THE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS AND ECONOMICS Institute of International Politics and Economics Belgrade, Makedonska 25, Phone: 3373 824, Internet site: www.diplomacy.bg.ac.rs e-mail: [email protected] THE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS AND ECONOMICS is a research institution established in 1947. The Institute’s mission is to undertake systematic research into fundamental processes in the international community and political, economic, military, technological, cultural and social features of the contemporary world. Providing a scientific basis for defining strategic principles and proposing foreign policy priorities, the Institute works most closely with officials who conduct foreign policy (the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia). Its special task is to educate and inform the general public about basic trends in international relations, issuing numerous publications, holding conferences, and organising lectures and debates featuring prominent political figures, experts and diplomats. Since its foundation, the Institute has also produced a significant number of diplomats and other officials active in both domestic and international affairs. The Institute consists of a research department with 30 research fellows and one of the best-equipped specialist libraries in Southeastern Europe, including an exclusive depository for publications and documents from the UN, the European Union, and NATO. Apart from The Review of International Affairs (in English), the Institute also publishes Međunarodni problemi/International Problems (in Serbian and English), Evropsko zakonodavstvo (in Serbian), and Međunarodna politika (in Serbian). The Review of International Affairs ISSN 0486-6096 UDK 327 VOL. LXI, No. 1140, OCTOBER–DECEMBER 2010 Editorial Council Jouni JÄRVINEN, Ph.D., Director of the ECEBB Studies Aleksanteri Institute Finnish Centre for Russian and Eastern European Studies; Professor Klaus BACHMAN, Ph.D., Professor of International relations, Warsaw school for social psychology, University of Warsaw; Vesselin POPOVSKI, Ph.D., Director of Studies, International Order and Justice Peace and Governance Programme UN University; Dimitar BECHEV, Ph.D., Southeast European Studies Programme St. Antony’s College, University of Oxford; Professor Raju THOMAS, Ph.D., Marquette University SAD; Dejan JOVIĆ, Ph.D., University of Stirling, Scotland, UK; Emilian KAVALSKI, Ph.D., University of Western Sydney, Australia; Professor Dragan SIMEUNOVIĆ, Ph.D., Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade, Serbia Professor Radoslav STOJANOVIĆ, Ph.D., Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Professor Aleksandra JOVANOVIĆ, Ph.D., Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Professor Predrag SIMIĆ, Ph.D., Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade, Serbia Editorial Board Professor Vladimir GREČIĆ, Ph.D., Faculty of Economics; Belgrade; Professor Slobodan PAJEVIĆ, Ph.D., Megatrend, University of Applied Sciences, Belgrade; Duško DIMITRIJEVIĆ, Ph.D., Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade; Nevenka JEFTIĆ, Ph.D., Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade; Sanja JELISAVAC, M.A., Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade Ratko VUKANIĆ, Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade The Review of International Affairs Editorial correspondence: Mina Zirojević Fatić, Editor-in-Chief, Tel: 3373 824 E-mail: [email protected] Makedonska 25, 11000 Belgrade, P.O. Box 413 Internet: www.diplomacy.bg.ac.rs/ria.htm Published quarterly Publisher Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade, Makedonska 25, E-mail: [email protected] For the Publisher Duško Dimitrijević, Ph.D. Director Language editor Aleksandra Janošević Editor-in-Chief Mina Zirojević Fatić Layout Sanja Pavlović, Snežana Vojković For information on annual subscription please contact: BiFS doo, Books and Periodicals, Supilova 10 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Tel/fax: +381 11 20 84 229 E-mail: [email protected] Circulation 300 Printed by “Želnid”, Belgrade, Nemanjina 6 The Review of International Affairs Vol. LXI, No. 1140, October–December 2010 UDK 327 ISSN 0486-6096 Contents Branislav Radeljić GROWING CONCERNS ABOUT ISLAM IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ....................................................................... 5 Bojan Dobovšek, Vlado Odar UNDERSTANDING THE COLOMBIAN CIVIL WAR .............................. 23 Igor Janev, Dragan Petrović LEGAL MODE FOR ADVISORY REDRESS AT THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE FOR THE CASE OF MACEDONIAN UN MEMBERSHIP ....................... 48 Ratko M. Vukanić THE POSITIONS OF AFRICAN STATES ON THE PROBLEM OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY AND INTEGRITY IN AFRICA ..................................................................... 73 Pero Petrović THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIA ..........113 Conferences JAPAN AND SERBIA: REGIONAL COOPERATION AND BORDER ISSUES – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ......................127 THE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES .............................130 4 The Review of International Affairs THE ROLE AND PLACE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ..................................................... 134 THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN PROMOTING THE POTENTIAL OF THE DANUBE BASIN IN THE LIGHT OF THE EU STRATEGY FOR THE DANUBE REGION ................................................................... 138 Documents ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL LAW OF THE UNILATERALDECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE IN RESPECT OF KOSOVO .................................. 143 The Review of International Affairs 5 UDK 323.1:28(061.1EU) Biblid 0543-3657, 61 (2010) Vol. LX, No. 1140, pp. 5–22 Original Scientific Paper September 2010 Branislav Radeljić1 Growing Concerns about Islam in the European Union ABSTRACT The establishment of a united Europe was characterized by Christian- Democratic values. Over time, this trend has been challenged due to a growing presence of Muslim communities across Europe. In response to the new dynamics, various arguments focusing on Islam in the European Union, European identity and inclusion of the Muslims have emerged. Accordingly, this paper examines the presence of Islam in the EU and while taking into consideration both historical and present dimensions, points out various aspects that surely question their coexistence. Key words: Islam, European Union, Islamophobia, European identity. Introduction Discussions about Islam in the European Union have gained significant space. Numerous academic conferences, public debates and informal meetings seek to address this rather controversial topic. This controversy is very much due to the initial outlook of the then European (Economic) Community and the present EU. As noted by Checkel and Katzenstein, “the historical foundations of the European Union are undeniably Christian-Democratic, a capacious political tradition that accommodates temperate offshoots of conservative political Catholicism as well as a social Catholicism.”2 In fact, the founding fathers of the EU — Konrad Adenauer, Alcide de Gasperi and Robert Schuman — were all Christian Democrats and devoted Catholics. This dimension was a 1 Branislav Radeljić, Associate Lecturer in International Politics, University of East London, United Kingdom, e-mail address: [email protected]. 2 Jeffrey T. Checkel, and Peter J. Katzenstein, “The Politicization of European Identities,” in Jeffrey T. Checkel and Peter J. Katzenstein (eds), European Identity, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2009, p. 14. 6 The Review of International Affairs synonym for a united Europe and European identity at the time. Since then, the things have significantly changed and many questions related to the EU’s willingness and capacity to accept Islam have emerged and required immediate answers. Accordingly, in this paper, I analyze the presence of Islam in the EU and look at various dilemmas surrounding this coexistence. The paper is divided into three sections: the first section offers a brief historical overview of the Muslim community’s arrival and settlement process in the EU, the second section examines the post-September 11 debates, and finally, the third section looks at future prospects and possible scenarios. Historical Overview Before the 1960s, the presence of Islam in the European Union was almost invisible. Rare mosques and occasional gatherings in suburbs of European capitals did not represent a matter worthy of public discussion. However, in the 1960s, the trend changed rapidly. The economic growth of European countries combined with low birth rates implied that an additional labor force in order to maintain the progress was needed. In this respect, France became a host country for many Muslims from Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. The first wave of the migration consisted