FLORIDA . The Story Continues CHAPTER 10, The Age of Jackson (1828–1840) PEOPLE Mid 1700s: The Miccosukee Creeks settle in Florida. e Lower Creek and Upper Creek Indians moved from Georgia and Alabama to Florida in the mid-1700s. e two groups lived in Florida, but had di erent languages. e Upper Creek Indians came to be known as the Seminoles. e Lower Creek Indians, who came to be known as the Miccosukee, settled in central Florida where they built log cabins and farmed on communal plantations. Together the Seminoles and Miccosukee fought against the United States in the Seminole Wars. EVENTS 1832: The Seminole Indians are forced to sign the Treaty of Payne’s Landing. e Indian Removal Act of 1830 stated that all Native Americans who lived east of the Missis- sippi River must move to a newly created Indian Territory, in what is now Oklahoma. Two years later, Florida’s Seminole Indians were forced to sign the Treaty of Payne’s Landing, in which they stated they would move west to the Indian Territory and give up all of their claims to land in Florida. PEOPLE 1837: Chief Coacoochee (circa 1809–1857) escapes from the United States prison at Fort Marion. Chief Coa- coochee, whose name means “wild cat,” was a Seminole leader Florida. .The Story Continues during the Second Seminole War. After being captured by American soldiers in 1837, Coacoochee and a few Seminole cellmates escaped. Coacoochee returned to lead his people in See Chapter 1 battle against the United States. As the Seminole War contin- ued, the Native Americans su ered hunger and starvation when they could not plant crops to feed their people. By 1841, Photo credits: 317 FL1 6-8_SSFLAESE607511_C10_SC.indd 1 2/17/11 12:33:12 PM Coacoochee could no longer bear the October 1837 United States troops su ering of the Seminole women and claimed they wanted to end the war and children. He surrendered and agreed to invited Osceola to peace talks. It was a move to the Indian Territory. trick and Osceola was captured; he died three months later. PLACES 1835–1842: Native Americans hide in the Everglades through- EVENTS 1827: The George Washington out the Second Seminole War. e is the fi rst steamboat to enter Everglades provided excellent cover for the port at Jacksonville. e George the Seminole Indians throughout the Washington traveled along St. Johns war. In fact, after the war, 350 Seminoles River, from Savannah, Georgia to Jack- remained in the Everglades, never sonville, Florida, marking the beginning surrendering at all. of Florida’s steamboat age. e St. Johns River, Florida’s longest river and one that ows north, soon became an important PEOPLE 1837: Osceola (1804–1838) is means of travel and trade. e city of captured by United States troops Jacksonville grew as a port city where under the guise of peace talks. Chief steamboats came from both the St. Johns Osceola was a prominent Seminole River and the Atlantic Ocean. Steam- warrior in the First and Second Seminole boats also opened up Florida’s interior to Wars. Osceola’s strategies and battle plans tourists and settlers alike. led the Seminoles to many victories. In Unpacking the Florida Standards <… Read the following to learn what this standard says and what it means. See FL8–FL21 to unpack all other standards related to this chapter. Benchmark SS.8.A.4.4 Discuss the impact of westward expansion on cultural practices and migration patterns of Native American and African slave populations. What does it mean? Florida. .The Story Continues Explore how the settlement of western regions of the United States affected both Native Americans and enslaved Africans. Go to Chapter 11, Expanding West, 1800–1855, and Chapter 13, The South, 1790–1860, for help. See Chapter 1 SS.8.A.2.1, SS.8.A.4.17, SS.8.A.4.18 See Spotlight on Florida History for Photo credits: content specifically related to these Chapter 10 standards. 317 FL2 2_6-8_SSFLAESE607511_C10_SC 2 2/26/11 8:35:08 AM CHAPTER 10 1828–1840 The Age of Jackson Essential Question What impact did Andrew Jackson’s presidency have on the nation? Florida Next Generation Sunshine State Standards SS.8.A.4.4 Discuss the impact of westward expansion on cultural practices and migration patterns of Native American and African slave populations. SS.8.A.4.16 Identify key ideas and influences of Jacksonian democ- racy. SS.8.A.5.1 Explain the causes, course, and consequence of the Civil War (sec- tionalism, slavery, states’ rights, balance of power in the Senate). SS.8.C.1.3 Rec- ognize the role of civic virtue in the lives of citizens and leaders from the colonial period through Reconstruction. SS.8.C.1.4 Identify the evolving forms of civic and political participation from the colonial period through Reconstruction. SS.8.E.2.2 Ex- This statue of Andrew Jackson has plain the economic impact of government policies. SS.8.E.3.1 Evaluate domestic stood in Washington, D.C., for more and international interdependence. SS.8.G.1.1 Use maps to explain physical and cultural attributes of major regions throughout American history. SS.8.G.1.2 Use than 150 years and captures the drive appropriate geographic tools and terms to identify and describe significant places and spirit of the seventh president of and regions in American history. SS.8.G.2.1 Identify the physical elements and the United States. the human elements that define and differentiate regions as relevant to American history. SS.8.G.2.3 Use geographic terms and tools to analyze case studies of how selected regions of the United States have changed over time. SS.8.G.4.4 Interpret databases, case studies, and maps to describe the role that regions play in influenc- ing trade, migration patterns, and cultural/political interaction in the United States throughout time. SS.8.G.6.1 Use appropriate maps and other graphic representa- tions to analyze geographic problems and changes over time throughout American history. SS.8.G.6.2 Illustrate places and events in U.S. history through the use of narratives and graphic representations. FOCUS ON WRITING 1828 An Interview You are a reporter for a large city newspaper in the year Andrew Jackson is 1837. Andrew Jackson has just left office, and you have been given the elected president. assignment of interviewing him about his presidency and his role in Sequoya finishes American politics. As you read this chapter, you will write interview a written language questions for your interview with Jackson. for the Cherokee. 1830 1829 Louis Braille publishes a reading system for the blind. 318 CHAPTER 10 6-8_SSFLAESE607511_C10O.indd 318 1/25/11 7:17:21 AM Jackson’s Personality and Legacy 1832 Andrew Jackson vetoes the charter 1838 renewal of the 1836 The Trail of Tears begins national Bank of Martin Van Buren is when U.S. troops remove the the United States. elected president. Cherokee from Georgia. 1835 1832 A British 1833 1838 1839 reform bill doubles Slavery is Dutch colonists known as The Opium War breaks the number of British abolished in the Boers clash with the Zulu out between Great men who can vote. British Empire. in southern Africa. Britain and China. THE AGE OF JACKSON 319 6-8_SNLAESE484693_C10O.indd 319 7/2/10 2:19:43 PM Reading Social Studies Society Science and Geography Economics Politics and Culture Technology Focus on Themes In this chapter you will read and northern states over tariff regulations. You will about the events that shaped the United States also read about the forced relocation of many from 1828 to 1838. You will see how political and Native Americans to the West. Understanding how economic decisions were intertwined. For instance, economic issues led to political decisions will help you will read about the tensions between southern you understand this time. Drawing Conclusions about the Past Focus on Reading Writers don’t always tell you everything you SS.8.A.1.1 Provide supporting details for need to know about a subject. Sometimes you need to think critically an answer from text, interview for oral history, check validity of information from about what they have said and make your own decisions about what research/text, and identify strong vs. weak you’ve read. arguments. Drawing Conclusions Earlier in this book, you learned how to make inferences. Sometimes when you read, you will need to make sev- eral inferences and put them together. The result is a conclusion, an informed judgment that you make by combining information. Election of 1828 Inference: Jackson shared many qualities The 1828 campaign focused a great deal on the with American voters. candidates’ personalities. Jackson’s campaign- ers described him as a war hero who had been + born poor and rose to success through his own hard work. Inference: Adams enjoyed many privileges that most Americans did not. Adams was a Harvard graduate whose father had been the second U.S. president. Jackson’s + supporters described Adams as being out of touch with everyday people . When the Inference: Jackson easily won the election ballots were counted, Jackson had defeated by a huge majority. Adams, winning a record number of popular votes. (pp. 323–324) Conclusion: In 1828, Americans chose a president to whom they could relate. 320 CHAPTER 0010 6-8_SSFLAESE607511_C10RS.indd 320 1/20/11 1:45:36 PM LA.8.1.6.1 The student will use new vocabulary that is introduced and taught directly. LA.8.1.6.2 The student will listen to, read, and discuss familiar and conceptually challenging text.