t / / - f/ _ _" Co FERENCE THE . GEOPHYSICAL D'_I'ECTION ,..- OF._ WATER Abstract Volume LPI LPI Contribution No. 1095 CONFERENCE ON THE GEOPHYSICAL DETECTION OF SUBSURFACE WATER ON MARS Lunar and Planetary Institute Houston, Texas August 6-10, 2001 Conveners Stephen Clifford, Lunar and Planetary Institute Jeffrey George, NASA Johnson Space Center Carol Stoker, NASA Ames Research Center Sponsored by Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 LPI Contribution No. 1095 Compiled in 2001 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under Contract No. NASW-4574 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. This volume may be cited as Author A. B. (2001) Title of abstract. In Conference on the Geophysical Detection of Subsurface Wateron Mars, p. xx. LPI Contribution No. 1095, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. This report is distributed by ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113, USA Phone: 281-486-2172 Fax: 281-486-2186 E-mail: [email protected] Please contact the Order Department for ordering information. GeoMars Conference 2001 iii Preface This volume contains abstracts that have been accepted for presentation at the Conference on the Geophysical Detection of Subsurface Water on Mars, August 6-10, 2001. The Scientific Organizing Committee consisted of Bruce Banerdt (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), David Beatty (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), James Blacic (Los Alamos National Laboratory), Geoffrey Briggs (NASA Ames Research Center), Michael Can" (U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park), Angioletta Coradini (Institute d'Astrophysique Spatiale), Francois Costard (Universit_ de Paris), James Cutts (Jet Propul- sion Laboratory), James Garvin (NASA Headquarters), John Grant (National Air and Space Museum), Ronald Greeley (Arizona State University), Robert Grimm (Blackhawk Geometrics), Walter Kiefer (Lunar and Planetary Insti- tute), Philippe Lognonn6 (lnstitut de Physique du Globe de Paris), Humboldt Mandell (NASA Johnson Space Center), Gary Olhoeft (Colorado School of Mines), Roger Phillips (Washington University), Jeffrey Plaut (Jet Propul- sion Laboratory), and Larry Soderblom (U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff). Logistics, administrative, and publications support were provided by the Publications and Program Services Department of the Lunar and Planetary Institute. GeoMars Conference 2001 v Contents Regional Imaging of the Subsurface of Mars Using Teleseismic Events C. M. Aprea, D. M. Alde, and J. T. Rutledge ............................................................................. 1 A Miniaturized Seismometer for Subsurface Probing on Mars W. B. Banerdt and W. T. Pike .................................................................................................... 3 Impact Craters as Indicators of Subsurface Volatile Reservoirs N. G. Barlow .............................................................................................................................. 5 The GPR Experiment on NETLANDER: Objectives, Description of the Instrument and Simulated Performances J.-J. Berthelier, R. Ney, and the NETLANDER/GPR Team ...................................................... 7 The Mars High Resolution Advanced Radar for 2005 Space Mission D. Biccari, G. Picardi, R. Seu, A. Corradini, and R. Orosei ..................................................... 9 Basic Concepts in Terrestrial Groundfreezing P. B. Black ............................................................................................................................... 11 A Proposal for Detailed Mapping of Martian Aquifers Using Penetrators L. W. Brownlow, G. A. Dorn, and T. J. Mosher ...................................................................... 12 Application of Geophysical Techniques for Mapping Ice-bearing Sediments, Mackenzie Delta, Western Arctic, Canada H. T. Calvert, S. R. Dallimore, and J. A. Hunter ..................................................................... 14 Orbital Imaging Radar and the Search for Water on Mars B. A. Campbell, D. B. Campbell, J. A. Grant, S. Hensley, T. A. Maxwell, J. J. Plaut, P. Rosen, M. K. Shepard, and R. Simpson ............................................................ 16 The GPR Experiment on NETLANDER: Preliminary Results on the Determination of the Propagation Vector of Reflected Waves V. Ciarletti, J. J. Berhelier, R. Ney, A. Reinex, and B. Martinat ............................................. 18 A Proposal for an Integrated Geophysical Strategy to "Follow the Water" on Mars S. M. Clifford, J. A. George, C. R. Stoker, G. Briggs, and D. W. Bea_ .................................. 20 Geophysical Methods to Detect Ground Ice Produced by Recent Fluid Flows on Mars N. M. Coleman ......................................................................................................................... 22 Detection of Subsurface Water on Mars by Controlled and Natural Source Electromagnetic Induction J. E. P. Connerney and M. H. Acuiia ....................................................................................... 24 vi LPI Contribution No. 1095 An Integrated Technological Proposal for Drilling and In-Situ Science for the 2007 Mars Lander Mission A. Coradini, F. AngriUi, M. C. De Sanctis, E. Flamini, S. Espinasse, R. Orosei, and E. Re ................................................................................................................ 25 Debris Flows on Mars: Comparison with Terrestrial Analogs F. Costard, F. Forget, N. Mango[d, D. Mercier, and J. P. Peulvast ....................................... 27 Martian Volatile-rich Reservoirs: A Review of the NETLANDER Payload Contribution F. Costard, Ph. Lognonne, and B. Banerdt ............................................................................. 29 Proposed Model of the Martian Subsurface for the GPR Experiment on NETLANDER F. Costard, J. J. Berthelier, G. Grandjean, E. Heggy, N. Mangold, R. NEY, and Ph. Paillou .......................................................................................................... 31 The NETLANDER Mission: A Geophysical Network Aimed at Investigating Mars Atmosphere, Sub-Surface and Deep Interior J. L. Counil, F. Ferri, Ph. Lognonne, O. Marsal, F. Rocard, and R. Bonneville ..................................................................................................................... 33 Modeling the Complete Planetary Subsurface Radio Remote Sensing Problem S. A. Cummer and W. M. Farrell ............................................................................................. 35 Radar Penetration in Soils: The Potential for Sub-Surface Observation of Both Earth and Mars J. Daniels, D. G. Blumberg, V. Freiliker, L. D. Vulfson, A. L. Kotlyar, T. Neta, J. Ben-Asher, M. Sprintsin, G. Ronen, and M. Linestky ............................................ 36 A Model for the Dielectric Absorption of the Central West Antarctic Ice Sheet at Radar Sounding Frequencies J. A. Doebbler, D. D. Blankenship, D. L. Morse, and M. E. Peters ........................................ 38 The Measured Permittivity of CO 2 Ice Grown Under Martian Polar Conditions J. R. C. Garry .......................................................................................................................... 39 A Rover Deployed Ground Penetrating Radar on Mars J. A. Grant, B. A. Campbell, and A. E. Schutz ......................................................................... 41 Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Exploration for Groundwater on Mars R. E. Grimm ............................................................................................................................. 43 Localization of Mars Sub-Surface Ice/Water by Means of a Mobile Ground Penetrating Radar in Combination with a Mutual Impedance Probe M. Hamelin and R. Trautner ................................................................................................... 44 GeoMars Conference 2001 vii Medusae Fossae Formation as Volatile-rich Sediments Deposited During High Obliquity: An Hypothesis and Tests J. W. Head and M. A. Kreslavsky ............................................................................................ 45 On Sounding Radar Performances for Martian Subsurface Water Detection E. Heggy, Ph. Paillou, G. Ruffi_, J.-M. Maldzieux, F. Costard, and G. Grandjean .................................................................................................................... 47 Modem Geothermal Gradients on Mars and Implications for Subsurface Liquids N. Hoffman .............................................................................................................................. 49 Quantities and Sources of Liquid Carbon Dioxide in the Subsurface of Modem and Ancient Mars N. Hoffman .............................................................................................................................. 51 Future Explorations on Chemical Compositions of Seepage Water and Ground Ice on Mars Detected by Gamma-Ray Spectrometer, GC-MS, and Ion Chromatograph J.-S. Jean and C.-H. Yang ......................................................................................................