Notes THE TRADE AGREEMENT (pp. 3-26) I . Lord Riddell, Intimate Diary of the Peace Conference and After (London 1923), p.161. 2. F.O. 371/4032/179078 and 179079. 3. The best accounts of the preceding period are Richard H. Ullman, Intervention and the War (London I gGl) and Britain and the Russian Civil War (London IgG8). 4. Birse memorandum, 21 January 1920, F.O. 371/4032/172292. 5. 125 H.C.Debs. col. 43,10 February 1920; DBFP, vol. 2, no. 71, p. 874. 6. To Derby (Paris) for Curzon, 20 January 1920, F.O. 371/4032/172293. 7. Tsentrosoyuz to Paris, 2 February 1920, DVP, vol. 2, no. 231, p. 358. 8. Tsentrosoyuz to Paris, 25 February 1920, DVP, vol, 2, no. 255, pp. 391-92. The co-operatives had been nationalised on 27 January 1920; Lenin appears to have been aware that it was intended to use them as a 'mechanism for the restoration of capitalism' (Lenin, PSS, vol. 40, p. 53). 9. L. B. Krasin, Vneshtorg i Vneshnyaya Ekonomicheskaya Politika Sovetskogo Pravitel'stva (Petrograd 1921), pp. 5-6. 10. Riddell, Intimate Diary, p. 175. I I. Telegram for M. Krasin, 25ApriI1920,DBFP, vol. 8,no. 20, pp. 230-31. 12. L. B. Krasin, Voprosy Vneshnei Torgovli (Moscow 1928), pp. 249 and 250. 13. I. M. Maisky, 'Anglo-sovetskoe torgovoe soglashenie 1921 goda', Voprosy lstorii, 1957, no. 5, p. 77· 14. Memorandum, II May 1920, Cabinet Paper CP 1309, Cab 24/106; Lord Beaverbrook, The Decline and Fall of Lloyd George (London 1963), p. 292. 15. Conference of British Ministers with the Head of the Russian Trade Delegation, 10 Downing Street, 31 May 1920, DBFP vol. 8, no. 24, pp. 281-92. The records of the negotiations are included in this volume of the British Documents; a detailed narrative account is available in Richard H. Ullman, The Anglo-Soviet Accord (London 1972). 16. DBFP, vol. 8, no. 37, pp. 380-8. 17. Memorandum, 30 June 1920, F.O. 371/40361207569. 18. F.O. 371/40361207602 (Russian text in DVP, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 16-17). 19· 13 1 H.C.Debs. col. 1950, 12 July 1920. 20. Rumbold (Warsaw), 23 January 1920, DBFP, vol. 3, no. 651, pp. 765-6. 21. Notes of a Conversation at the Villa Fraineuse, Spa, 10 July 1920, DBFP, vol. 8, no. 57, p. 515, and no. 59, Appendix I, p. 530. 22. Curzon to Chicherin, II July 1920, F.O. 371/40581207846. 23· Curzon to Chicherin, 20 July 1920, F.O. 371/4058/208802. 246 Britain and the Bolshevik Revolution 24. Notes of a Conference held at IO Downing Street, DBFP, vol. 8, no. 81, pp. 670-80; ibid., 6 August 1920, no. 82, pp. 681-708. 25. Lloyd George to Kamenev, 8 August 1920, DVP, vol. 3, p. 98. 26. Notes of an Anglo-French Conference, Lympne, 8 August 1920, DBFP, vol. 8, no. 83, pp. 709-23; no. 84, pp. 724-30; and no. 85, Appendix 3, PP·747-8. 27. Conference of Ministers, 10 August 1920, Cab 49(20) Appendix 2, Cab 23/22. 28. 133 H.C.Debs. cols. 351-3, 10 August 1920. 29. Notes of a Conversation at the Villa Haslihorn, Lucerne, ICP 143, Cab 29/87. 30. Curzon toChicherin, 24 August 1920, in F.O. 37 1/5434/N45 I 2. 31. 25 August 1920, DVP, vol. 3, no. 72, pp. 144-47; Balfour to Chicherin, I September 1920, ibid.,p. 171. 32. Balfour to Kamenev, 23 August 1920, DVP, vol. 3, pp. 147-9. 33· Conference of Ministers, 10 September 1920, Cab 51 (20) Appendix 4(2), Cab 23/22. 34. Notes of a Conference with the Russian Trade Delegation, 10 Downing Street, 10 September 1920, DBFP, vol. 8, no. go, pp. 783-91. 35· Conference of Ministers, 15 September 1920, Cab 51(20) Appendix 4 minute 2 (a), Cab 23/22; Cabinet minutes, 30 September 1920, Cab 53(20)2, Cab 23/22. 36. Curzon to Chicherin, I October 1920, in F.O. 371/5434/N4512. 37· Curzon to Chicherin, 9 October 1920, in F.O. 371/5431/NI18. 38. Chicherin to Curzon, 13 October 1920, DVP, vol. 3, no. 133, pp. 258-29. 39· Ibid., no. 167, p. 313, I November 1920. 40. 133 H.C.Debs. col 918, 20 October 1920. 41. Dokumenty i Materialy po Istorii Sovetsko-Pol'skikh Otnosheniivol. 3 (Moscow 1965), nos. 236 and 275, pp. 428-36 and 520-552. 42. Cabinet minutes, II November 1920, Cab 60(20) I, Cab 23/23. 43. Curzon to Sir H. Dering (Bucharest), 21 October 1920, Curzon Papers FI12/302. 44· Received 14 February 1920, Lloyd George Papers F/95/2/9; George Lansbury, What I Saw in Russia (London 1920), pp. 22 and 27. 45· W. T. Goode, Bolshevism at Work (London 1920), pp. 121, 123, 139 and 140 . 46. H. G. Wells, Russia in the Shadows (London 1920), p. 64; Curzon to Sir H. Dering (Bucharest), 21 October 1920, Curzon Papers FI 12/302. Other contemporary accounts include Col l'E. Malone, The Russian Republic (London 1920); Arthur Ransome, Six Weeks in Russia in 1919 (London 1919); and Sylvia Pankhurst, Soviet Russia as I Saw It (London 1921). 47. British Labour Delegation to Russia, 1920, Report (London 1920), pp. 6-29. 48. 'What we saw in Russia', Labour Leader, 27 June 1920. 49. The Times, 8 July and 10 June 1920. 50. Labour Leader, 29 July 1920, and Pioneer (Merthyr Tydfil) , 31 July 1920. 51. Cmd. 1041, Parliamentary Papers 1920, pp. 2, II and 17. 52. 18th Abstract of Labour Statistics of the United Kingdom, Cmd. 2740, Par- liamentary Papers 1926, p. 50. 53· Conference of Ministers, 24 January 1921, Cab4(21) Appendix 2(3), Cab 23/24· Notes 247 54· Cabinet minutes, 24 December 1920, Cab 77(20)2 and 3, Cab 23123· 55· 134 H.C.Debs. col 1521, 15 November 1920. 56. 134 H.C.Debs. cols. 2116-17,18 November 1920, and 135 H.C.Debs. cols. 897 and 954,29 November 1920. 57. 133 H.C.Debs. col. 1516,20 October 1920. 58. Krasin, Voprosy Vneshnti Torgovli, pp. 251-2; Soviet archival source quoted in V. A. Shishkin, Sovetskoe Gosudarstvo i Strany Zapada v 1917-1923 gg. (Leningrad 1969), p. 186. 59. The Times, 29 September 1920; Shishkin, Sovetskoe Gosudarstvo, p. 187. 60. Lloyd George Papers F/58/2/r (Russian text in DVP, vol. 3, no. 123, pp.228-32). 61. Krasin, Voprosy Vneshnei Torgovli, pp. 279-80. 62. Sunday Times, 19 December 1920, in F.O. 371/5434/N4547. 63. Indian Tea Association to the F.O., 6 December 1920, F.O. 37 1/5434/N4637· 64. F.O. 371/5434/N4645, 22 December 1920. 65. F.O. 371/5431/N2218 (Russian text in DVP, vol. 3, no. 170, pp. 314-16); Chicherin to Curzon, 9 November 1920, F.O. 371/5431/N2266 (Russian text in DVP, vol. 3, no. 171, pp. 320-4). 66. Godovoi Dtehet NKID k IX SHezdu Sovetov, 1920-21gg. (Moscow 1922), P·136. 67. Krasin, Voprosy Vneshnti Torgovli, p. 280. 68. F.O. 371/5434/N3804, 6 December 1920; F.O. 37 1/5434/N3741, 4 December 1920. 69. Krasin, Voprosy Vneshnti Torgovli, p. 280. 70. Cabinet minutes, 17 November 1920, Cab 61 (20)6, Cab 23/23. 71. Cabinet minutes, 18 November 1920, Cab 62(20)4, Cab 23/23. 72. Cabinet minutes, 26 November 1920, Cab 64(20)3, Cab 23123. Chamber- lain, Churchill, Curzon and Montagu recorded their dissent from part of the conclusions. 73. Minutes of a meeting at the Board of Trade, 29 November 1920, F.O. 371/5434/N4655. On I December 1920 a draft Soviet text was handed to the British negotiators (both texts are contained in ibid.; printed versions are in DBFP, vol. 8, pp. 869-78). 74· Krasin to Wise, 30 November 1920, DVP, vol. 3, no. 196, pp. 351-3. 75. Krasin, Voprosy Vneshnti Torgovli, p. 282; Maxse, 'Summary of Relations between HMG and the Soviet Government from September 12 1920, to December 22 1920',30 December 1920, F.O. 371/5435/N4997. 76. Meeting of British Ministers and the Russian Trade Delegation, 21 December 1920, F.O. 371/5435/N4777. 77. 139 H.C.Debs. col. 476, 9 March 1921; [zvestiya, II March 1921. 78. The Revolutionary Committee, it was reported, described themselves as 'true upholders of the Soviet system'. The feeling, according to another report, was 'very confident, but anti-White' (received 14 March 1921, F.O. 371/6847/N3223; Secret Intelligence Service report no. 86,14 March 1921, F.O. 371/6847/N3296). 79. Cabinet minutes 14 March 1921, Cab 13(21) I, Cab 23/24. 80. 136 H.C.Debs. cols. 1866-67,22 December 1920. 81. 138H.G.Debs. col. 419, 17 February 1921. 82. Krasin, Voprosy Vneshnti Torgovli, pp. 248-9. 248 Britain and the Bolshevik Revolution 83. 138 H.C.Debs. cols. 780 and 1391,22 and 28 February 192 I. 84. Krasin, Voprosy Vneshnei Torgovli, p. 249. 85. Trade Agreement between HMG and the RSFSR, 16 March 1921, Cmd. 1207, Parliamentary Papers 1921; Russian text in DVP, vol. 3, no. 344, PP· 607- 14· 86. Ibid. Postal and telegraphic communications with the RSFSR were re- newed at the beginning of April, and in May 1921 the Soviet trade delegation was granted the right to issue visas to travellers to Russia (Godovoi Dtchet NKID k IX S"ezdu Sovetov, p. 63). 87. 140 H.C.Debs. cols. III and 709, 5 and II April 1921. 88.