1 DOCUMENT RESUME ED'258 564vp' IR 011 719 TITLE Vslial Aids: A Guide 'for Peace Corps Volunteers. Appropriate Technologies for Development. Reprint R-2. INSTITUTION Peace Corps, Washington, DC.?Information Collection and Exchange Div. , PUB DATE Sep 82 NOTE 103p. PUB TYPE l Guides - Non-CVassroom(Use'(055) EDRS 'PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS 'Communication (Thought Transfer).; Community Development;' *Developing°Nations; *Health .Eddcation; *Instructional Materials; Motivatidn Techniques; lcProduction Techniques; Slides; *Teaohing Methods; *Visual Aids IDENTIFIERS India; *Peace,Corps ABSTRACT This guide for Peace Corps, volunteers emphasizes the' importance of visual aids in communicating ideas, concepts, and behavior, and in motivating'&ople to change life patterns. Guidelines, for the selection and effective use of, materials in health education that will be understood in the target culture,are provided. The packet illustrates and explains a variety of visual materials that include: (1) flash cards and flip charts; (2) posters; (3) flannelgraphs; (4) silk screen printing; (5) films; (6) slides; (7) filmstrips; and (8) models. For each of the categories, step by step guidelines for making and using the visual are given, as well as specific examples. Additional, information lists supply source? for visual aids and their' materials, hints on effective utilization of specific media, and sampleivisuals with captions in one of several languages. The concluding section presents an example of how visual aids can prove effeCtive in a piogram of community development in fndia, using simple materials available in local Indian communities. ******************************************A**************************** Reproductions supplied by, EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** 4 APPRIPMATE TECHNOLOGIESFOR DEVELOPMENT llS DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 44,111t1NAL iN`illttlt4 tttf LULL AtIttAr fNti-tSitt ,,, ts MI I et,ord. ,t S Ald8 A NO 10I1 MCI COW1101101.111 I ip e I 4 BEST AVAILABLE 4 a 0 Peace INFORMATION COLLECTION & EXCHANGE REPRINT R -2 PleaCe 06*. Wort:nation CollectionSrEXChange(ICE) Atafis established so that the strategies and technolOgies devel- oped, by Peace Corps Nblunteerst their co-vorkersi\and their colurterPsrts Could be mode availatae to the wide. range of developent organizations =I individual baarkers %warp might find them useful. Training gUides, curricular leisorr plans, project reports. manuals and other Peace Oorpo-enerated Insterials +developed in the field axe collected axe reviewed. Sane are re:Printed "as a"; others "provide a sotAte of field based informstion for the production of Dermas or for re-, search in particular program areas.Materials that you sub- mit: to the Informatica Collection & Dobarge thus beomue Part.ofthen.Peace Corps` larger' contxibution'to-developrient Information abut ICS pabLicatithis luxl services it atmilahle relrough: Peace carp& Information Collection 4. Exchanie Office of Program reveloPnent 806. connecticut Itwenmo, Washington/ D.C.20576 71, 4 }5, O. Add yak expekience to thevICE Rasource Maar. Send ma- terials that you!ve prepared so that weeazi share them with others working in the developer*. field. Your teal- nical insights serve as the basis flit the geperaticet of ICE sentm41s, reprints and resource packets, And also ensure that:2 is proolidin- g1;lie most-updatecip-innovative problem-solving techriigues and infornetion avaiibble yot!xxl your fel..tow diveloifritiorkers.\ Peace Corps 3 14 4. A 4 aGUIDE for Peace Corps Volunters Medical Program Division PEACE CORPS Washington I), C. 20525 Peace Corps Information Collection and Exchange 4 March 1976 March 1977 September 1981 Sep.eniko6ar 1982 c 4 CONTENTS Pages VISUAL AIDS 1- 5 Motivation 2 Reasons 1)eo$1.eAct 2 People Want To B 2 People Want Tp Do ,2 r People Wafit To Save n 2 Work liith -Lwal 3 w The .4Problem I ACCeptable Answers or Solutions 3 Selecting Material To Be Presented g& 4 4- Characteristics of Audience 4' 4 Acceptability oe Solutions 4 Understanding Material 4 What About Visualization 5 Suggested Steps In Making Visual 5 Testing Visual Aids . 5 Simplicity Is An Asset 5 WHATVOLUNITERS SAY 18,32 FLASH CARDS ,6-26 Baby Care 7- 8. Dolores Dirtypaws' 9-11 -14 CONTENTScontrinued Pagvs The School That Changed The Village 12-17 Tuberculosis 19-23 Ministerio de Salud Publica - Seccion de Educacion Sanitaria y Servicio Social 24-26 PAMPHLETS 27 -29 latrine 28-29 POSTERS 30-31 Nutrition Eye Diseases Sanitation vie FLANNEDGRAPH 32-35 wica, HEALTH EDUCATION SCRIPT 36 SILK SCREEN PRINTING 37-39 SHOWING MOVING FIGURES EFFECTIVELY 40.41 Sources of Films 40 r` SOURCES OF POSTERS, FAMPHLETS, AND OTHER MATERIALS 42-51 Local Materials 43 41111' Stateside :Materials 44 Suitability of Stateside Materials 44 Address Key for Stateside Materials 47-50 ii CONTENTS, continued VISUALAIDS IN COMMUNITY OEVELOPFENT(India) Special Section Foreword .11F Ir,trcduction Page Types of Visual Aids Display of 'Exhibits . Photographs 3 . Posters 4 Hc* to Make a Poster 5 Blackboard 6 Bulletin Board 7 Flannelgraphs 8 Flash Cards 10 Puppets, 11 S 1 ides 13 How tto Prepare Slides 14 Films and Film Strips 15 Models 17 Field' Trips 18 Cultural Programmes 20 ;VISUAL ALPS You are undoubtedly using visual aids. How often .A A have you drawn a map oil the ground,_sketcheda symbol or used some gesture to describOomething?Following are some ideas to en ours:roil to make more visual , aids. Remember that in the-communication of ideas, visual aids are of the utmost importance. One cannot say t any visual aid will adequately nerve as a substitute for personal contact or personal efforts of communication.One can say, however, that visual materials of an appropriate nature, carefullyselecteAd and used effectively, cam be(very importantto communication* Symbols:u ed in visual atds must be adequately ,understood. A bed 'does not look the same the 'world . , . over. Neither does a coat, nor ,does'a well, nor dOes. , a latrine. The symbols used to 'depict-articfei,. must .4, be understood in the culture for which the material, is intended.. This is, why the visual aids you-make yourself. can be most effective in building understanding. 1 r 10 Visual aids are used to cirnmunicate in ideaor conyey s need-for action.Action.must be possible in the culture and should be in accord with existingways of setting,if at all possible. fp. Motivation. The reason for- change should be obtained from the value system of local people._ Whatare the things important to them/Following are some motivations. which may exist for thepeople with who* you, are working. You must determine whichare valid. ReasonsPeopleAct Health People Want To Be 1 Time Good parents Money Social, hospitable Popularity Up -t o -date Improved appearance Creative Security in old age Prowl of their ,possessions Pr4ise from others Influential over others Coifort Gregarious LeisUre Efficient 'Pride of accomplishment "First" in things Advancement: business, social Reclignized as authorities Self-confidence Perional prestige is People Want to Do People Want to Save Express their personalities Time Resist domination by others 'Money Satisfy .their curiosity Work E'Mulate the admirable Discomfort Appreciate 'beauty Worry 6' Acquire or collect things. Doubts Win others'a fection Risks Improve themsees generally Personal Embarrassment or- Work with Local People Effective visualaids can be produced only if local people assist inmaking them. P Use of visual aids Is usuallybest accomplishedby local people. Your beet role . may be in assistinglocal people in making and promoting the usel'ofvisual aids. The problem. It is important to ascertain howthe problem is seen from the point, of.view(oflocal people. For example, in working on theimprovement of contaminated water,-there, may beno problem of contamination as fr as local peopleare concerned. H Water whith looks cear, may not beconsidered contami- . 11. noted by localpeople. Itmay be necessaryto help people understind how water becomescontaminated. This may b!, exceedingly difficult. It is important to keep in mind that age-oldcustoms are acceptable:' tolocal people and that there mustbe good lOgical and practical reasons to change theseage-old customs. Acceptable Answers or Solutions. We may see the. situation lists scientific Ime;however, itAust be practical and acceptable to thepeople concerned. For example, boiled water in certain culturesis usually consumed only by "sick'people. The answer, therefore, may lie in .removingsources of, contamination . from waterratherNthan trying to get peopleto boil it. 7. 3 4 Selecting Material toBe Presented, The following refining ideas questions may bor-Ofassistance to you in about the-material tobe presented invisual form. Characteriitics of Audience. Who.hre you trying toreach? just men? Just women? gustchildren? audience? What What is the'occupationof the potential is the cultural background? 7 o What is the education of theaudience? What is thesocial status? . Acceptability of Solution.That does ;thepotential audience think? What arethe values and goals?Is the proposed . solution acceptable? 4 Whit is the, presemcattitude of thepotential audience? _ Is it Is the actionproposed possible to attain? physically passible?Is it financiallypossible? acceptableto the people?Is,it acceptable in the, culture? a about ,language? Is it 4 Ihderstanding Material,What Will if understandable?Is thematerial attractive? capture attention?Willit