Turczaninowia 21 (4): 63–72 (2018) ISSN 1560–7259 (print edition) DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.21.4.7 TURCZANINOWIA http://turczaninowia.asu.ru ISSN 1560–7267 (online edition) УДК 576.316:581.524.2(571.151) Chromosome numbers of invasive species of the Altai Republic flora. II M. N. Lomonosova, E. Yu. Zykova, T. V. An’kova Federal State Institution of Science Central Siberian Botanical Garden of Siberian Branch of RAS, Zolotodolinskaya str., 101, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Altai Republic, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, chromosome numbers, invasive species, Lamiaceae, Onagraceae, Poaceae. Summary. Chromosome numbers (2n) in 16 invasive plant species from the families Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Lamiaceae, Onagraceae and Poaceae are reported on the material from the Altai Republic for the first time. Among them, chromosome complements were first examined in Russia for Chaiturus marrubiastrum (L.) Ehrh. ex Reichenb. (2n = 24) and Oenothera villosa Thunb. (2n = 14). Five species: Amaranthus lividus L. (2n = 34), Elisanthe noctiflora (L.) Rupr. (2n = 24), Galeopsis speciosa Mill. (2n = 16), Oenothera biennis L. (2n = 14) and Bromus japonicus Thunb. (2n = 14), were studied first from Siberia. The most part of the species studied are diploids. The general distribution and the history of floristic findings of these species in the Altai Republic are given. The data on chromosome numbers published earlier on the material from Russia are cited. Числа хромосом инвазионных видов во флоре Республики Алтай: сообщение 2 М. Н. Ломоносова, Е. Ю. Зыкова, Т. В. Анькова Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Центральный сибирский ботанический сад» Сибирского отделения РАН, ул. Золотодолинская, 101, г. Новосибирск, 630090, Россия Ключевые слова: инвазионные виды, Республика Алтай, числа хромосом, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Caryo- phyllaceae, Lamiaceae, Onagraceae, Poaceae. Аннотация. Приводятся данные о числах хромосом (2n) для 16 инвазионных видов из семейств Amaran- thaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Lamiaceae, Onagraceae, Poaceae, впервые полученные на материале из Республики Алтай. Впервые для России определены числа хромосом у Chaiturus marrubiastrum (L.) Ehrh. ex Reichenb. (2n = 24) и Oenothera villosa Thunb. (2n = 14), впервые для Сибири – у Amaranthus lividus L. (2n = 34), Elisanthe noctiflora (L.) Rupr. (2n = 24), Galeopsis speciosa Mill. (2n = 16), Oenothera biennis L. (2n = 14) и Bromus japonicus Thunb. (2n = 14). Большинство изученных видов являются диплоидами. Для всех исследованных видов приводятся сведения по общему распространению, истории флористических находок на территории Ре- спублики Алтай и литературные данные по числам хромосом, полученные на материале с территории России. The Altai Republic is currently one of the regions further transformation in biological diversity of the attracting a large number of tourists from different flora. Invasive species, in their turn, may themselves regions of Russia and other countries. As a result, undergo evolutionary changes in the new condi- the vegetation is exposed to significant anthropo- tions. That is why, the comprehensive study and genic impact, which contributes to invasion of a biological monitoring of alien species in the natural large number of alien species in the area and leads to flora is becoming increasingly important. Given that Поступило в редакцию 06.06.2018 Submitted 06.06.2018 Принято к публикации 18.10.2018 Accepted 18.10.2018 64 Lomonosova M. N. et al. Chromosome numbers of invasive species of the Altai Republic flora. II polyploidy is a likely factor in species invasiveness The chromosome number is determined first on (te Beest et al., 2012, and references therein), we Siberian material. The same number was obtained have undertaken a detailed karyological research of for Primorye Territory (Probatova, 2014, and refer- all alien species in flora of the Altai Republic. This ences therein). study is a part of the project on karyological inves- tigation of the invasive flora of South Siberia and Amaranthus retroflexus L., 2n = 32 is a continuation of previous work (Zykova et al., “Russia, Altai Republic, Mayma district, vicinity 2018). We provide an information on the history of of Rybalka village, wasteland at a construction site, floristic studies on examined species at the territory 51°55′N, 85°51′E. 2 VIII 2015. E. Zykova, Z206– of the Altai Republic, and in some cases – in Siberia. 3315” (NS). When referring to P. N. Krylov (1909, 1931, 1949) Annual. The north-American species is distrib- we use the terminology of modern administrative- uted in all continents. It is a widespread invasive territorial division. For all species, the references on species in Russia including Siberia. In the Altai, A. chromosome numbers revealed on the material from retroflexus was firstly reported by Krylov (1909) Russia have been provided as well, as relevant in- from Kibisen village, the Chulyshman River valley formation in the international databases “Еhe Chro- near the Bashkaus River mouth and the Katu-Yaryk mosome Counts Database” (Rice et al., 2015) and Pass. Nowadays, it is widespread in the Altai Re- “Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers” (Goldblatt, public (Zykova, 2015). Johnson, 1979+) is reflected incompletely. The same chromosome number was previously The ploidy level of samples was determined reported for Novosibirsk Region (Krasnikov, Lo- by direct count of chromosomes in metaphase on monosova, 1990), Irkutsk Region (Chepinoga, squash preparations of root meristem. All species 2014, and references therein; Probatova et al., were studied for the first time on the material col- 2016a), Amur Region (Probatova et al. 2006) and lected in the Altai Republic. Seeds were germinated Primorye Territory (Probatova, 2014, and references at 25 °C (day) and 16 °C (night) on sterile sand. The therein) as well. root tips were pretreated for two hours with 0.2 % colchicine water solution, fixed in 3 : 1 absolute eth- ASTERACEAE anol-glacial acetic acid and stained with 1 % acetic hematoxylin. Metaphase plates were observed un- Bidens cernua L., 2n = 24 der 100× magnification by the Axioscope 40 (Karl “Russia, Altai Republic, Choya district, vicinity Zeiss, Axio Lab) and photographed by the AxiCam of Sugul village, wet roadside, 52°03′N, 86°15′E. 25 MRc 5 digital camera. The herbarium specimens VIII 2012. E. Zykova, Z203–5412” (NS). (vouchers) are saved in the Herbarium of the Central Annual. This Holarctic species is common in Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS (NS). lowlands of the Altai Territory (Krylov, 1949; Si- For species marked with an asterisk (*), the chro- lantyeva, 2013), from there it was apparently intro- mosome number is determined for the first time in duced to the Altai Republic, where the first finding Russia, two asterisks (**) – for the first time in Si- was in 1949 in Choya village (NS!). Currently, this beria. species occurs in northern districts of the Altai Re- public often forming wide populations (Zykova, AMARANTHACEAE 2015, 2017). This chromosome number confirms earlier **Amaranthus lividus L. (A. blitum L.), 2n = 34 counts from Irkutsk Region (Chepinoga, 2014, and “Russia, Altai Republic, Turochak district, vicin- references therein), Khabarovsk Territory (Proba- ity of Turochak village, roadside, 52°15′N, 87°07′E. tova, Sokolovskaya, 1989) and Primorye Territory 5 VIII 2016. E. Zykova, Z166–2816” (NS). (Probatova, 2014, and references therein). Annual. This species was found in all developed agricultural areas of the world. In the Altai Repub- Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. (Erigeron ca- lic the first findings were in Gorno-Altaysk (Ilyin, nadensis L.), 2n = 18 Fedotkina, 2008) and Yaylyu village (Zolotukhin, “Russia, Altai Republic, Choya district, vicinity 1983). Currently, it is a common garden weed oc- of Choya village, wasteland, 52°02′N, 86°33′E. 7 curring on fallow lands and waste places in Gorno- VIII 2015. E. Zykova, Z284–3715” (NS); “Russia, Altaysk, Mayma and Turochak districts (Zykova, Altai Republic, Turochak district, vicinity of Ust- 2015). Lebed village, roadside, 52°17′N, 87°20′E. 8 VIII Turczaninowia 21 (4): 63–72 (2018) 65 2015. E. Zykova, Z283–4015” (NS); “Russia, Altai adventive species in Siberia. The first findings on Republic, Shebalino district, vicinity of Cherga vil- the territory of the Altai Republic were in Kibisen, lage, wasteland at the river bank 51°34′N, 85°34′E. Yaylyu and Oyrot-Tura villages, and near Karakol 20 VIII 2016. E. Zykova, Z167–4316” (NS); “Rus- Mount (Krylov, 1949). At present, it is common in sia, Altai Republic, Chemal district, vicinity of Anos the northern part of the Altai Republic spreading village, wasteland, 51°29′N, 85°56′E. 16 VIII 2015. sometimes to central regions (Zykova, 2015). E. Zykova, Z285–4615” (NS) (fig. 1A). Two chromosome complements in this species Annual. North-American species introduced in were revealed on the material from Russia. 2n = all continents including polar areas (Nikitin, 1983). 36 was mentioned from Novosibirsk Region (Kras- It is one of the most aggressive actively spreading nikov, Lomonosova, 1990), Irkutsk Region and adventive species. The first findings in the Altai Trans-Baikal Territory (Chepinoga, 2014, and ref- Republic were made in Ust-Muny village (Krylov, erences therein), Krasnoyarsk Territory (Stepanov, 1949), later it was mentioned for Ust-Kan district 1994), and Primorye Territory (Probatova, 2014, (Ilyin, Fedotkina, 2008). According to Zykova and references therein), 2n