The Age of Knowledge Studies in Critical Social Sciences Series Editor David Fasenfest Wayne State University Editorial Board Chris Chase-Dunn, University of California-Riverside G. William Domhoff, University of California-Santa Cruz Colette Fagan, Manchester University Matha Gimenez, University of Colorado, Boulder Heidi Gottfried, Wayne State University Karin Gottschall, University of Bremen Bob Jessop, Lancaster University Rhonda Levine, Colgate University Jacqueline O’Reilly, University of Brighton Mary Romero, Arizona State University Chizuko Ueno, University of Tokyo VOLUME 37 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/scss The Age of Knowledge The Dynamics of Universities, Knowledge and Society Edited by James Dzisah Henry Etzkowitz LEIDEN • BOSTON LEIDEN • BOSTON 2012 Cover illustration: 1978 Triple Helix. © Henry Etzkowitz This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The age of knowledge : the dynamics of universities, knowledge & society / edited by James Dzisah, Henry Etzkowitz. p. cm. -- (Studies in critical social sciences ; v. 37) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-21102-5 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Universities and colleges--Social aspects. 2. Education, Higher--Social aspects. 3. Knowledge, Sociology of. I. Dzisah, James. II. Etzkowitz, Henry, 1940- LB2324.A34 2011 378.01--dc23 2011029425 ISSN 1573-4234 ISBN 978 90 04 21102 5 Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. For William K. Dzisah Alex Etzkowitz Justin Sedem Dzisah Jayden Selasi Dzisah CONTENTS List of Tables and Figures ......................................................................... ix Acknowledgements ................................................................................... xi Notes on Contributors ............................................................................xiii Introduction: The Dynamics of Universities, Knowledge and Societies ............................................................................................1 James Dzisah and Henry Etzkowitz part I Knowledge, GlobaliZation AND IdentitY 1 Normative Change in Science and the Birth of the Triple Helix................................................................................ 11 Henry Etzkowitz 2 Globalization and Scientific Research in Japan ............................... 35 Zaheer Baber 3 Triple Helix or Triple Jeopardy? Universities and the Social Relations of Knowledge .................................................... 51 Terry Wotherspoon 4 The Big Shift: Science and Universities in Crisis ............................. 73 Toby E. Huff 5 Societal Rationalization: Cultural Innovation and Knowledge Islamization in Malaysia ................................................ 85 Choonlee Chai 6 Gender and Identity in a Globalized World .................................. 109 Patience Elabor-Idemudia Part II Knowledge Innovation, Governance AND PolicY 7 The Triple Helix of Knowledge ........................................................ 127 James Dzisah and Henry Etzkowitz 8 Crossing Boundaries: Creating, Transferring & Using Knowledge .......................................................................................... 145 Harley D. Dickinson viii contents 9 Governing Innovation in a Knowledge Society .......................... 167 Peter W.B. Phillips 10 Public Policy Actors and the Knowledge-Based Social Order ..................................................................................... 193 Michael W. Kpessa 11 Regionalized Health Care System in Canada: Towards a Knowledge Management Strategy ................................................ 221 William Boateng Part III Universities, Intermediate Actors AND THE Knowledge EconomY 12 Facilitating Knowledge Transfer: The Role of Intermediating Organizations ....................................................... 243 Amy Scott Metcalfe 13 Ideals and Contradictions in Knowledge Capitalization ........... 267 James Dzisah 14 In the Grey Area: University Research and Commercial Activity – The Case of Language Technology ............................. 289 Tarja Knuuttila 15 Public Universities and Emerging Fuel Cell Technology: Insights from Singapore and Malaysia ......................................... 311 Zeeda Fatimah Mohamad Index ........................................................................................................ 339 List of Tables AND Figures Tables 11.1 Knowledge management practices in support of RHAs codification knowledge management strategies ....................... 234 11.2 Knowledge management practices in support of RHAs personalization knowledge management strategies ................. 234 12.1 Typology of intermediating organizations ................................ 253 12.2 R&D alliances between OCRI, universities, industry, and government ............................................................................ 261 15.1 List of system functions and associated activities with clear direction from the government ......................................... 323 Figure 12.1 Model of an intermediating organization .................................. 254 Acknowledgements This book owes its existence to the foresight and encouragement of Professor David Fasenfest. He saw life beyond the margins of selected special issue articles we were putting together for the Journal of Critical Sociology which he edits. While the project has grown beyond its origi- nal scope, we remain ever grateful to David for those initial nudges. We are equally grateful for the opportunity to work with outstanding colleagues and contributors who pressed ahead in the midst of com- peting academic, personal and social life demands. The anonymous reviewers deserve great thanks for their diligence, time and critical comments. Our deepest and sincere thanks go to our families and friends for keeping us grounded and focused on the task at hand so that we can get back to the ‘normal’ routines in which they are front and centre. We thank our respective institutions—Nipissing University and Human Sciences Advanced Research Institute at the Stanford University (H-STAR)—and colleagues for ensuring that we work within collegial and enabling environments. We wish to express our appreciation to Prof. Loet Leydesdorff, Prof. Jose Mello, Prof. Riccardo Viale, Dr. Marina Ranga, Dr. Marcelo Amaral, Dr. Chuyan Zhou, Dr. Devrim Göktepe-Hultén, Prof. Peter S. Li, Dr. Greg Brown, Dr. Trevor Smith, Dr. Amir Erfani, Dr. Ellie Berger, Dr. David Zarifa, Dr. Uldis Kundrats and Christina DeRoche for their friendship, support and collegiality. Warm regards to Nestor Hlynsky, G.B. Ashiagbor and George Gana. Notes on Contributors Zaheer Baber is Professor of Sociology at the University of Toronto. He is the author of The Science of Empire (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996), Secularism, Communalism and the Intellectuals (New Delhi: Three Essays, 2005) and the editor of CyberAsia (Leiden: Brill, 2006). Currently he is involved in research on the racialization of ‘communal conflict in India’ as well as the relationship between botanical gardens, the British Empire and the emergence of Botany as a science. William Boateng is an Assistant Professor and Faculty Program Coordinator with the Department of Community Development and Health Sciences, the First Nations University of Canada, Northern Campus—Prince Albert. He holds a PhD in Sociology from the University of Saskatchewan, specializing in Sociology of Applied Knowledge and Health. His current areas of research interest include knowledge management in organizational decision-making. Recent publications in peer reviewed journals emanating from his studies include Knowledge Management in Evidence-Based Medical Practice: Does the Patient Matter? Knowledge Production in Contemporary African Society: Lessons for Universities; Knowledge Management Working Tool for Agricultural Extension Practice: The Case of Ghana; and Research Alternative for Nursing Practice: A Sociological Perspective. Choonlee Chai is Assistant Professor at the Red Deer College, Canada. His research and teaching revolves around issues of Science, Technology and Society. Harley D. Dickinson is a Professor and Vice-Dean, Social Sciences, College of Arts & Science, University of Saskatchewan. He has also served for five years as Head of the Department of Sociology, as well as several years as Director of the Social Research Unit. Dickinson com- pleted his Ph.D. in Sociology at Lancaster University in the United Kingdom. He joined the University of Saskatchewan as an Assistant Professor of Sociology in 1983, granted tenure in 1985 and promoted to the rank of full professor in 1991. xiv notes on contributors James Dzisah is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at Nipissing University. He was formerly an Assistant Professor