AMBIENTUM 1-2/2007 ANUL I 2007 STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI AMBIENTUM I/1-2 CONTENTS – SOMMAIRE – CONTENIDO – CUPRINS 1. Katalin BARTÓK, Florin CRIŞAN - LICHENS INVOLVED IN ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION IN POLLUTED AREAS FROM ROMANIA ....................................1 2. Vasiliki BASDEKIDOU - AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR LANDSCAPE DEVELOPEMENT IN“LAHANOKIPOI” AREA OF THESSALONIKI....................15 3. József BİHM, Zoltán BUÓCZ - CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MINING....29 4. Dionisie BUBURUZ - ENERGETIC EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA ....................................................................37 5. Philippe BURNY - LE SECTEUR DE LA VIANDE BOVINE DANS L’UNION EUROPÉENNE : SITUATION ET PERSPECTIVES DANS LE CONTEXTE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT……………………………………………………….…………49 6. Georgeta BURTICĂ, Daniela MICU - NEW RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS OF ORGANOZEOLITES IN WATER TREATMENT........................................59 7. Constantin COSMA, Iustinian PETRESCU, Cornel MEILESCU, Alida TIMAR - PROPERTIES OF LIGNITE FROM OLTENIA AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT...................................................................................................65 8. Dan COSTIN - GENETIC FACTORS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE AT VĂRATEC BĂIUł MINE, BAIA MARE DISTRICT, ROMANIA………………………………………………………………………….……75 9. Tibor ELEKES - ASPECTS OF SETTLEMENT SYSTEM AND ENVIRONMENT RELATION IN GHEORGHENI REGION, ROMANIA, IN THE LAST SEVEN CENTURIES.........................................................................................................87 10. Giuseppe ETIOPE, Calin BACIU - GAS MIGRATION IN THE GEOSPHERE: THE “GEOGAS” THEORY…………………………………………………………….95 11. Iovanca HAIDUC, Carmen ROBA, Ildiko VARGA - PARTICULATE MATTER, HEAVY METALS AIR POLLUTION AND INTENSITY OF THE URBAN TRAFFIC. STUDY CASE - CLUJ-NAPOCA CITY ……………………………………….……103 12. János KALMÁR - ABOUT SOME PROBLEMS OF THE ORE MINING OBJECTS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS…………………………...…………..111 13. Norbert KÁVÁSI, Janos SOMLAI, Tibor SZABÓ, Peter SZABÓ, Eszter HORVÁTH, Andras VÁRHEGYI, Tibor KOVÁCS - RESPIRATORY DISEASE TREATMENT IN THE THERAPEUTIC CAVE OF TAPOLCA, THE ROLE OF RADON..............................................................................................................125 14. László KUTI – AGROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF SOIL FERTILITY LIMITING FACTORS IN THE SOIL-PARENT ROCK-GROUNDWATER SYSTEM, IN HUNGARY………………………………………..…………………...131 15. Septimius MARA, Serban Nicolae VLAD - METHODOLOGY OF DRAWING UP THE MAPS OF LANDSLIDE ZONING, DUE TO THE AGGRAVATING GEOHAZARDS FACTORS (METEOROLOGICAL, HYDROLOGICAL, ETC.) – FOR THE ROMANIAN TERRITORY, AT THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND REGIONAL LEVEL……………………………………………………………...……147 16. Jorge OLCINA CANTOS - AUMENTO DEL RIESGO DE INUNDACIONES EN ESPAÑA: LA OCUPACIÓN DE TERRITORIOS DE RIESGO...........................157 17. Alexandru OZUNU, Sanda MĂRGINEAN, Cristina MODOI, Lucrina STEFĂNESCU, Camelia COSTAN, Iustinian PETRESCU, Emil CORDOŞ – TECHNOLOGICAL RISKS MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF POLLUTION PREVENTION – CASE STUDIES: OCNELE MARI (JUD. VÂLCEA), S.C. ROMALTYN S.A. (JUD. MARAMUREŞ)............................................................167 18. Benone PĂSĂRIN, Lucian GORGAN, Marian BURA, Miklos BOTHA, Valentin PETRESCU-MAG - THE INVASIVE POTENTIAL OF THE EXOTIC GUPPYFISH (POECILIA RETICULATA PETERS 1859) IN TEMPERATE ZONE..................179 19. Ruxandra Mǎlina PETRESCU - MAG, Raul Sevillano BLAS - AGRICULTURA URBANA Y PERIURBANA, ELEMENTO DE DURABILIDAD DE LOS SISTEMAS PRODUCTIVOS. EL IMPACTO POSITIVO Y NEGATIVO SOBRE EL MEDIO AMBIENTE ........................................................................................................189 20. Luis Santiago QUINDOS PONCELA, Carlos SAINZ FERNANDEZ, Luis QUINDOS LOPEZ, Ismael FUENTE MERINO, Jose Luis ARTECHE - RADON: CANCER Y SITUACION EN ESPAÑA...............................................................197 21. Emil RADU, Catalina RADU, Ada PANDELE - SANITARY PROTECTION AREAS OF GROUND WATER CATCHMENTS – PRINCIPLES AND PARTICULARITIES. CASE STUDY – BAILE TUSNAD – SANSIMION AREA, ROMANIA...........................................................................................................205 22. Claude RONNEAU – L'HYDROGÈNE, VECTEUR ÉNERGÉTIQUE DE L'AVENIR ?........................................................................................................215 23. Dragoş SIMANDAN – AN EVOLUTIONARY GEOGRAPHY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL JUSTICE......................................................221 24. Janos SOMLAI, Tibor KOVÁCS - RADIOACTIVITY OF COALS, COAL SLAGS, AND THE RADIATION DOSE ORIGINATING FROM THEIR USE - THE HUNGARIAN SITUATION………………………………………………….……….237 25. Victor SOROCOVSCHI, Dacinia Crina PETRESCU – THE FLOODS OF THE INNER RIVERS IN ROMANIA (2000-2006) AND THE NEGOTIATIONS FOCUSED ON SOLVING THEIR CONSEQUENCES ......................................247 26. A.D. STYLIADIS, D. KONSTANTINIDIS, K. TYXOLAS, L. DIMEN - PERSONALIZED E-LEARNING IN A RE-USABLE WAY: A PROPOSED GIS SYSTEM DESIGN - APPLICATIONS IN ARCHITECTURE...............................259 27. Dumitru VAJU, Corina BERKESY, Laszlo BERKESY, Mircea CRACIUN - REDUCTION OF CHLORIDES AND RESIDUE TO 105 ºC FROM THE WASTE WATER RESULTED FROM TEXTILE INDUSTRY BY USING THE ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT................................................................271 SUDIA UNIVERSITATIS, BABEŞ-BOLYAI, AMBIENTUM, I/1-2, 2007, 1-14 CLUJ - NAPOCA CURRENT LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ON LICHENS INVOLVED IN ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION IN POLLUTED AREAS OF ROMANIA Katalin BARTÓK, Florin CRIŞAN Universitatea „Babeş-Bolyai” Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Biologie şi Geologie, Catedra de Taxonomie şi Ecologie, str. Republicii 42, Cluj-Napoca, 400015 Abstract. A brief review of the Romanian lichenological studies is done; the main Romanian lichenologists and their research fields of interest are presented. The use of lichens as biomonitors is exemplified with a case study in the surroundings of Zlatna, a well known industrial centre in Transylvania (western part of Romania). The present paper synthesises the research work performed in the area in the last 20 years. The mineral processing plant and smelter of Zlatna town cause acid precipitation and heavy metal contamination due to gaseous emission (SO2, NOx) and fall-out of particles enriched in Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd. The impact on the terrestrial environments consists in extremely high soil and vegetal lead level. The aim of this paper is to present the long term biomonitoring of different contaminant elements using passive and active monitoring methods based on the lichens in the studied area. In 1980, two corticolous lichen species, Parmelia conspersa and Lecanora subfusca, were transplanted into Zlatna area from an uncontaminated site. The results of short and long term exposure were compared, then the experiment was repeated after 5 years. In 1998, also the heavy metals content of samples of Cladonia fimbriata, tericolous native lichen located only outside the strongly polluted Zlatna town was investigated. The heavy metal content of the samples of Cladonia fimbriata was compared with that in soil samples collected from the same stationary. The results show that Zlatna region is excessively polluted, and can be included among the strongest polluted areas of the world. Key words: lichens, history, Romania, pollution, Zlatna, biomonitoring BRIEF SUMMARY OF ROMANIAN LICHENOLOGICAL STUDIES The debut of lichenology as an independent science in the field of botanical research was marked by the studies of Acharius (1803), who described the morphology of lichen thalli, showing that the soredia and apothecia play a reproductive role. Schwendener (1867-1869), by his theory on algal-fungi symbiosis underlined the complexity of lichens and thus lead to an increased scientific interest in this field. As in other European countries, before 1900 in Romania no paper exclusively dealing with the study of lichens was published. Lichens as components of the vegetal cover were only recorded besides mosses, pteridophytes and cormophytes. One can mention the studies of Heufler (1853), Schur (1859), Cserni (1877-1878), Simonkai (1893) and Barth (1877-1905) [4]. Between 1862 – 1878, Fuss [4] published a list of over 100 lichen species in the journal Verhandlungen und Mitteilungen des Siebenburgischen der Vereins für Naturwissenschaft, then additionally another 48 species in the in the Centuria issues I – XI. In his fundamental work Systematiche Aufzahlung der in Siebenburgen angegebonen Cryptogamen (1878), the third chapter contained exclusively data on lichens collected from Transylvania. The studies of Hazslinszky [4], concerning only cryptogams, were materialized as lichen research in the paper Magyar Birodalom zuzmóflórája (1884), the first book that contained all the current data on Transylvanian lichens for that period. Lojka (1873-1885) played an important role in the study of lichens in the same region, by describing numerous new species, in papers that are still considered as reference publications[4]. Before 1900, in the southern part of Romania (Vallachia), the activity of two botanists Kanitz (1879-1881) – who published about 22 lichen species collected from 1 Bucegi Mountains, Ceahlău Mountains and the peaks around Râmnicu-Vâlcea area, and Loitlesberger (1897) – who described two new species from Bucegi Mountains, are worth to mention [4]. Starting with the beginning of the XXth century, the number of papers on lichens increased considerably. In Moldavia,