University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Potentials of the Danube Strategy for a sustainable development in Central and Eastern Europe Interdisziplinäre Projektstudie WS 2011/2012 UBRM Supervisor: Dr. Bernhard Wolfslehner Adami Joël (0941226), Colella Naike (0941220), Falkensteiner Stefan (0940802), Kalteis Bernhard (0940980), Killer Marcus (0740622), Niederl Florian (0840158), Ring Johannes (0840472), Romar Elisabeth Yoko (0002713), Schöpfer Anna (0940470), Schreieder Veronika (0940786), Sipka Zeljka (0352198), Steinbichler Manuel (0840322) Table of Contents List of Figures .......................................................................................................................IV List of Tables .........................................................................................................................V List of Abbreviations and Acronyms......................................................................................VI 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 2. Materials and Methods...................................................................................................... 5 3. Results............................................................................................................................... 7 3.1. Funding of the EUSDR .........................................................................................................................................................10 3.2. Pillar A - Connecting the Danube Region...................................................................................................................13 3.2.1. Development of waterway transport....................................................................................................................14 3.2.1.1. State of the art......................................................................................................................................................................14 3.2.1.2. Arrangements for the development of waterway transport...........................................................................17 3.2.1.3. Political and legal conditions.........................................................................................................................................18 3.2.1.4. Measures ................................................................................................................................................................................20 3.2.2. Sustainable energy.........................................................................................................................................................24 3.2.2.1. EU Policies 1993-2011.....................................................................................................................................................25 3.2.2.2. Energy and the EUSDR.....................................................................................................................................................27 3.2.2.3. Energy efficiency (EE)......................................................................................................................................................28 3.2.2.4. Securing save energy supply .........................................................................................................................................32 3.2.3. Promotion of culture and tourism..........................................................................................................................36 3.2.3.1. Development of infrastructure for sustainable tourism...................................................................................36 3.2.3.2. Promotion of cultural tourism......................................................................................................................................40 3.2.3.3. Cross border-tourism in the Danube-Delta ............................................................................................................42 3.3. Pillar B - Protecting the Environment in the Danube Region.........................................................................45 3.3.1. Water quality ...................................................................................................................................................................46 3.3.1.1. Current status ......................................................................................................................................................................47 3.3.1.2. Development to an improved water quality ..........................................................................................................51 3.3.2. Environmental Risks.....................................................................................................................................................54 3.3.2.1. Floods.......................................................................................................................................................................................54 3.3.2.2. Accidental Pollution ..........................................................................................................................................................57 3.3.3. Biodiversity........................................................................................................................................................................60 3.3.3.1. Biodiversity on the Danube River Basin ..................................................................................................................61 3.3.3.2. Network of Protected areas...........................................................................................................................................63 3.3.3.3. The Danube River Network of Protected Areas (DRNPA) ...............................................................................65 3.4. Pillar C - Building Prosperity in the Danube Region............................................................................................70 3.4.1. Targets ................................................................................................................................................................................72 3.4.2. Education & skills, Research & Innovation.........................................................................................................72 3.4.3. Supporting the Competitiveness of enterprises................................................................................................80 3.4.4. Marginalised communities.........................................................................................................................................81 II 3.5. Pillar D - Strengthening the Danube Region............................................................................................................85 3.5.1. Institutional Capacity and Cooperation ..............................................................................................................85 3.5.1.1. Sustainable Public Administration .............................................................................................................................86 3.5.1.2. Danube Civil Society Forum...........................................................................................................................................87 3.5.1.3. Cooperation in border regions .....................................................................................................................................89 3.5.2. Security and Organised and Serious Crime........................................................................................................97 3.5.2.1. Organised and Serious Crime in the Danube Region..........................................................................................97 3.5.2.2 Actions of the EUSDR Action Plan of PA 11 ..........................................................................................................103 4. Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 107 4.1. Potentials within the pillars of the EUSDR ............................................................................................................107 4.2. Synergies and conflicts.....................................................................................................................................................112 List of References .............................................................................................................. 115 III List of Figures Page Figure 1: The Danube Region. 3 Source: Interact 2012 Figure 2: The mass transport capabilities of a typical pushed convoy, 16 consisting of a thrust vessel and four non-motorized pushed barges. Source: Wiener Wasser Almanach 2010 Figure 3: Technologies to reduce CO 2 emissions. 29 Source: JRC-IPTS 2009 Figure 4: EuroVelo routes. 39 Source: EuroVelo 2011 Figure 5: Overnight stays in the Austrian Danube Region 2000-2010. 41 Source: Statistik Austria 2011 Figure 6: Results of the risk analysis for the entire Danube River. 50 Source: ICPDR 2004 Figure 7: Status classification for the Danube River. 51 Source: ICPDR 2009a Figure 8: Potential Accident Risk Spots in the DRBD. 58 Source: ICPDR 2005 Figure 9: Old Contaminated Sites in Potentially Flooded Areas