Biol ogy of Anomura II (A. Asakura，ed. )，C rustacean Research，Specia lNumber 6: 133-149，2006 Descriptions of color patterns in selected species of pagurid hermit crabs with sexual tubes (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from Japan Akira Asakura Abstract.-In decapod crustaceans，color- guished by coloration of the ocular peduncles ation is often useful in taxonomic studies for and shield . separating species that are difficult to distin- In this paper，color patterns of eight species guish by morphological characters but are of pagurid hermit crabs in which males have reproductively isolated. In this paper，color pat・ asexual tube(s) are described on the basis of terns are described for eight pagurid species color photographs of live animals or specimens with sexual tubes; Catapaguroides cristimanus in which color pattern was well preserved. de Saint Laurent 1968 Turleania senticosa ， ， These information has become available dur- (McLaughlin and Haig 1996)，Catapagurus hi- ， ing various my studies on hermit crab fauna of rayamai (Asakura，2001) ，Catapagurus kosugei Japan. Since all of these species are small and (Asakura，2001) ，Nematopagurus gardineri morphologically similar to other congeners the Alcock，1905a ，Anapagurus japonicus Ortmann， ， color information is useful for future taxonomic 1892，Boninpagurus acanthocheles Asakura & Tachikawa，2004 ，and Trichopagurus trichophthal- study of these species or genera，in particular， mus(Forest ，1954). These patterns are based on for comparative purpose. This is the first time color photographs of Ii ve animals or specimens in for these species to describe color pattern in de- which color patterns were well preserved. tails . In addition to examination of color pat- terns of the Japanese specimens，the speci- INTRODUCTION mens housed in the following museums were In decapod crustaceans，many examples are examined for morphological comparison; known for groups of species that are difficult Museum National d'Histoi re Naturelle，Paris to distinguish by morphological characters (MNHN); National Museum ofNatural History， but are reproductively isolated (Knowlton， Smithsonian ln stitution ，Washington D.C. 1986，1993). However，decapods are primar- (USNM). ily described and identified by morphological characters，which can be studied in preserved SYSTEMATlCS specimens，so that these problematic taxa might sometimes be overlooked.Many non- Catapaguroides cristimanus de Saint Laurent， morphological characters have been used in 1968 distinguishing such species，including karyol- Figs. 1，2A ，B ogy，life history，development ，mating behavior， Catapaguroides cri stimanus de Saint Laurent，1968: biochemical characters，molecular data and so 949，fi g. 30.一一 Asakura，2004 ・ 456，fi g. 1. on. Among them，color pattern is particularly important (Knowlton，1986) .For example ， Materialexa mined .-IO ，SL = 1. 0mm ， diogenid hermit crabs Calcinus gaimardii (H. 200 m ，dredge ，off Onga-zaki，Ishigaki lsland ， Milne Edwards，1848) and Calcinus morgani Yaeyama Group，Ryukyu Islands，R 八1Yaeyama Rahayu & Forest，1999 ，are primarily distin- (cap. Koei Higa)，21 Nov.2002 ，col l. Takeharu 134 A. Asakura 、 ¥ Fig. 1. Catapaguroides cr istimanusd eSaint Laurent，196 8: o ，SL = 1.0 mm，Ishigaki-jima Island ，Y aeyama Group，R yukyu Islands ，CBM-ZC 8779. A ，left second pereopod，later al;B ，same ，dactyl ，propodus and carpus，mesial; C ，left third pereopod，latera l. Setae omitted in all figures. Scales = 1mm . Kosuge，C8 恥4・ZC8779; 1 ♀，SL = l. 3mm ， proximal angle of dorsal face of palm，latero ・ sledge net，off Kakeroma Island ，Amami distal angle of dorsal face of ca中 us，and mesial Islands，s t. ll ，R /V Toyoshio・maru，11 Dec. and lateral faces ventrally of，and dorsodistal 1995，col l. Susumu Ohtsuka，C8M-ZC 8780. angle of，merus. Type material examined (for morphologi- Left cheliped (Fig. 2A) generally white， cal comparison): holotype，o ，SL = 1.5 mm， with subdistal transverse faint orange band Siboga st. 260，90 m ，Key Islands，lndonesia ，5 present on dactyl and fixed finger，small brown 036.05'S，132 055'02E，16 Dec.1899 ，恥骨 >!HN patches present on mesioproximal angle of Pg;paratypes :2 <;>， SL = 1.3 ，1.3 mm，data dorsal face of palm，laterodistal angle of dorsal same as Pg. face of carpus，and mesial and lateral faces ven- trally of，and dorsodistal angle of，merus . Description 01color pattern (two days after Second and third pereopods (Figs. 1，28) fixation in 10% formalin solution).- Shield generally semitransparent white，with small (Fig.2A) white，with small brown areas on an- brown patches. Dactyls with several ，s mall terior margins between rostrum and lateral pro- patches dorsally.Propodi with some small jections ;ocular peduncles pale brown，darker patches dorsally ;lateral faces with distal and distally; ocular acicles whitish proximal small patches.Carpi each with small Antennular and antennal peduncles (Fig. proximal patch，and on third ，additional subdis- 2A) whitish. tal patch on lateral face; mesial faces eachwith Right cheliped (Fig. 2A) generally white， distal small patch.Meri ofthird each with distal with small brown patches present on mesio- small patch. Color pattems ofhermit crabs 135 Fig. 2. Catapaguroides cristimanus de Saint Laurent，1968 ・o ，SL = 1.0 mm，Ishigaki-jima Island，Yaeyama Group，Ryukyu Islands，CBM-ZC 8779. A ，anterior half of body and appendages，dorsal ;B ，second (upper) and third (l ower) pereopods，latera l. Turleania senticosa (McLaughlin & Haig，1996): ♂， SL = 1.6 mm， IshigalくiIsland，Yaeyama Group，Ryukyu Islands ，CBM-ZC 8782. C ，who lebody ，dorsa l;D ，right cheliped， mesial ;E ，left cheliped，mesial 136 A .Asakura Remαrks.-See Asakura (2004) for mor- (Figs. 2C，3A) mottled yellow-orange and phological description of these same speci- white，with small darker orange areas near gas- mens. 1have no chance to examine coloration tric pits; ocular peduncles whitish，with distal of live animals. Colored patch巴s and areas in 0.4 -0.5and proxima1 0.2-0.3 orange; ocular these specimens are mostly orange or brown， acicles whitish，with tips orange. and these may be artificia l. In my experience， Antennu1ar peduncles (Figs. 2C，3A) gen- green or blue color in hermit crabs，especially erally whitish，each with distal ，medial ，and in small species，are changed into orange or proximal na汀 oworange bands on ultimate seg- brown immediately a自己 r fixation by formalin ment; penultimate segment with subdistal nar- solution. However，dark to light patterns in row orange band. Antenna1 p巴duncles each with coloration are generally well preserved even in fifth segment whitish; fourth segment whitish， formalin solution，in particular，in specimens with distal 0.3 -0.5 orange; third segment whit- just after the fixation. ish; second segment whitish，with distal 0.4 Distribution.- Kai Islands ，Indonesia; 0.5 orange except for white dorsomesial and Yaeyama Islands ，Ryukyu ，and Amami Islands ， dorso1ateral spines; first segment pale orange; Kagoshima，Japan. acicles with proximal 0.3 -0.5 orange，remain- der surfac 巴 whitish Right cheliped (Figs. 2D，3B) with both fingers generally white，each with subdistal nar- Turleania senticosa row transverse orange band and proximal dark (McLaughlin & Haig，1996) brown band. Palm generally faint orange with Figs. 2C-E ，3 ， 7longitudinal orange stripes and i汀 egular distal orange area on dorsal face，very narrow dark Laurentia se nti cosa McLaughlin & Haig，1996: 87 ， 白gs. 3E，6 brown areas on distal margins of dorsal and Turleania senti cosa- McLaughlin，1997: 477，figs. mesial faces，conspicuous dark brown patch 11 h-k. - Asakura，2004: 462，fig. 4. present at mesioproximal angle of dorsal face. ?Turleania similis Komai，1999: 50，figs. 27-31. Carpus generally faint orange;dorsal face with (See Remarks) ?Turl eania spinimanusKomai ，1999: 52 ，日gs. 32 faint orange transverse band medially，spines 35. - Komai etal. ，2002: 56. (See Remarks) on dorsomesial margin dark brown;mesial and lateral faces with few irregular faint orange Material examined.- 2 o ，SL = 1.9，2.3 areas. Merus general1 yfaint orange or whitish， mm，sledge net，off Kakeroma Island，Amami with few irregular faint orange patches on lat- Islands，st .11 ，RIV Toyoshio-maru，18 Nov. eral ，dorsal and mesiaI faces 1999，col l. Susumu Ohtsulくa，CBl¥ ιZ C 8781; Left che1iped (Figs. 2E，3 C) with both 日n- Io ，SL = 1.6 mm，200 m ，dredge ，off Onga- gers generally white，each with distal narrow zaki ，Ishigaki Island，Yaeyama Group，Ryukyu transverse brown band and proximal narrow Islands，RIV Yaeyama (cap.Koei Higa)，21 dark brown band.Palm general1 yfaint orange， Nov.2002 ，col l. Takeharu Kosuge，CBM-ZC with 6longitudinal orange stripes and irregular 8782. Comparative specimens (for examination distal orange area on dorsal face，na 汀 owdark of morphological variation): 2o ，SL = 2.1 ，2.3 brown areas on distal margins of dorsal and me- mm，1 2 ，SL = 1.5 mm，Kai Islands，Indonesia ， sial faces，conspicuous small dark brown patch KARUBARExpedition ，de t. P.A .McLaughlin ， present at mesioproximaI angle of dorsal face. Pg 5270; 1o ，3 2 ，SL = 1. 6- 1. 8mm ， Carpus general1 yfaint orange;dorsal face with Tanimbar Islands ，KARUBAR Expedition，de t. faint orange transverse band medially，spines P. A. McLaughlin，USNM 275999 ・2756000. on dorsomesial margin dark brown; mesial and lateral faces with few faint orange patches. D 目 cription 01c olor pattern (two days after Merus with some i汀 egular-shaped faint orange fixation by 10% formalin solution) .- Shie1d areas. Colorp att em so fhermit crabs 137 Fi g. 3. Turl eania sent icosa (M cL aughlin &H aig，1 996): ♂，SL = 1.6 mm，Is hi gaki-jim aI sland，Y aeyam a G roup，R yukyuI slands，C BM-ZC8782. A ，shi eld and cEphall ca ppendages (lER ante nnuleo rTImed)，dorsa l; B ，r ightc helip ed，d orsa l;C ，left cheli ped，d orsa l;D ，le 代 second pereopod，la teral;E ，lef tt hird pereopod， latera l. Setae omittedin all ti gures .Sca les = 1mm . 138 A. Asakura Second and third pereopods (Fig.