United States Department of State Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs International Narcotics Control Strategy Report Volume I Drug and Chemical Control March 2014 INCSR 2014 Volume 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents Volume 1 Common Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... iv International Agreements ......................................................................................................................... vi Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Legislative Basis for the INCSR ................................................................................................................ 2 Major Illicit Drug Producing, Drug-Transit, Significant Source, Precursor Chemical, and Money Laundering Countries ................................................................................................................................ 5 Presidential Determination ........................................................................................................................ 7 Policy and Program Developments ........................................................................... 15 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 16 Demand Reduction ................................................................................................................................. 19 Methodology for U.S. Government Estimates of Illegal Drug Production ............................................... 21 Parties to UN Conventions ...................................................................................................................... 27 USG Assistance .......................................................................................................... 33 International Training .............................................................................................................................. 37 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) ................................................................................................ 40 United States Coast Guard (USCG) ....................................................................................................... 42 U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) ........................................................................................... 44 Chemical Controls ..................................................................................................... 46 2013 Trends ............................................................................................................................................ 47 Precursors and Essential Chemicals ...................................................................................................... 50 International Regulatory Framework for Chemical Control ..................................................................... 50 Major Chemical Source Countries and Territories .................................................................................. 51 Significant Illicit Drug Manufacturing Countries ...................................................................................... 69 Multilateral Efforts to Target Methamphetamine Chemicals ................................................................... 75 Major Exporters and Importers of Pseudoephedrine and Ephedrine (Section 722, Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act (CMEA) .............................................................................................. 77 INCB Tables on Licit Requirements ........................................................................................................ 82 Country Reports .......................................................................................................... 88 Afghanistan ............................................................................................................................................. 89 Albania .................................................................................................................................................... 94 Argentina ................................................................................................................................................. 95 Armenia ................................................................................................................................................... 96 Azerbaijan ............................................................................................................................................... 97 The Bahamas .......................................................................................................................................... 98 Belize ..................................................................................................................................................... 103 Bolivia .................................................................................................................................................... 107 Bosnia and Herzegovina ....................................................................................................................... 112 Brazil ..................................................................................................................................................... 113 Bulgaria ................................................................................................................................................. 116 Burma .................................................................................................................................................... 117 Cambodia .............................................................................................................................................. 121 Canada .................................................................................................................................................. 122 Cabo Verde ........................................................................................................................................... 126 Chile ...................................................................................................................................................... 127 i INCSR 2014 Volume 1 Table of Contents China ..................................................................................................................................................... 128 Colombia ............................................................................................................................................... 131 Costa Rica ............................................................................................................................................. 136 Croatia ................................................................................................................................................... 141 Cuba ...................................................................................................................................................... 142 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea) ....................................................... 145 Dominican Republic .............................................................................................................................. 146 Dutch Caribbean ................................................................................................................................... 151 Eastern Caribbean ................................................................................................................................ 155 Ecuador ................................................................................................................................................. 158 Egypt ..................................................................................................................................................... 163 El Salvador ............................................................................................................................................ 164 French Caribbean ................................................................................................................................. 168 Georgia .................................................................................................................................................. 169 Germany................................................................................................................................................ 172 Ghana .................................................................................................................................................... 173 Guatemala ............................................................................................................................................. 176 Guinea ................................................................................................................................................... 181 Guinea-Bissau ....................................................................................................................................... 183 Guyana 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