Progress in International Law FM.indd i 5/9/2008 9:04:37 PM Developments in International Law VOLUME 60 FM.indd ii 5/9/2008 9:04:38 PM Progress in International Law Edited by Russell A. Miller and Rebecca M. Bratspies With a foreword from José E. Alvarez Hamilton Fish Professor of International Law and Diplomacy Executive Director of the Center on Global Legal Problems at Columbia Law School 2006–2008 President of the American Society of International Law LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008 FM.indd iii 5/9/2008 9:04:38 PM Th is book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Progress in international law / edited by Russell A. Miller and Rebecca M. Bratspies ; with a foreword from José E. Alvarez. p. cm. -- (Developments in international law ; v. 60) ISBN 978-90-04-16571-7 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. International law. I. Miller, Russell A., 1969- II. Bratspies, Rebecca M., 1965- KZ3410.P76 2008 341--dc22 2008007223 ISSN 09245332 ISBN 978 90 04 16571 7 Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, Th e Netherlands. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to Th e Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands FM.indd iv 5/9/2008 9:04:38 PM Dedication For Carver & Elsa. May their generation see greater progress towards peace than mine. For Pax, Fortitudo & Prudentia. Th ey are the heart of International Law. – Russell A. Miller For Naomi Florence Schulz. תיקון עולם A small step towards – Rebecca M. Bratspies FM.indd v 5/9/2008 9:04:38 PM FM.indd vi 5/9/2008 9:04:38 PM Contents Contributors ................................................................................................... xi Acknowledgments ........................................................................................xxxi Introductory Materials Foreword: Progress in International Law José E. Alvarez ..............................................................................................3 Progress in International Law - An Explanation of the Project Russell A. Miller and Rebecca M. Bratspies ..................................................9 Part One: Progress in International Law – A Contemporary Assessment Evidence and Promise of Progress: Increased Interdependence, Rights and Responsibilities, Arenas of Interaction, and the Need for More Cooperative Uses of Armed Force Jordan J. Paust ............................................................................................33 Making Progress in International Institutions and Law Barry E. Carter ...........................................................................................51 Part Two: History and Th eory of International Law Th e Turning Aside. On International Law and Its History Alexandra Kemmerer ..................................................................................71 Th e Necessity of International Law Against the A-normativity of Neo-Conservative Th ought Sergio Dellavalle .........................................................................................95 Yom Kippur in Hell: Th e Empty Life of International Law Ed Morgan ...............................................................................................119 Progress in International Organization: A Constitutionalist Reading Christian Walter .......................................................................................133 FM.indd vii 5/9/2008 9:04:38 PM viii Contents On the Borders of Justice: An Examination and Possible Solution to the Doctrine of Uti Possidetis Daniel Luker ............................................................................................151 Part Th ree: Th e Sources of International Law and their Application in the United States Th e Evolving Role of Treaties in International Law Karin Oellers-Frahm ................................................................................173 Customary International Law in the 21st Century Andrew T. Guzman & Timothy L. Meyer ................................................197 Treaties as Domestic Law in the United States Alex Glashausser .......................................................................................219 Th e “Unsatisfactory Condition” of Customary International Law in the United States Julian G. Ku .............................................................................................243 Part Four: International Actors In Quite a State: Th e Trials and Tribulations of an Old Concept in New Times Florian Hoff mann ....................................................................................263 Between Incapacity and Indispensability: Th e United Nations and International Order in the 21st Century Andreas Paulus .........................................................................................289 Coordination of International Organizations – Intellectual Property Law as an Example: Can Th ere Be Safety in Numbers? Karen Kaiser .............................................................................................315 Individual Progress in International Law: Considering Amnesty Leila Nadya Sadat .....................................................................................335 Th e Challenges of Evaluating NGO “Success” in Cross-Border Rights Initiatives Monica Schurtman ...................................................................................357 Paradoxes of Personality: Transnational Corporations, Non-Governmental Organizations and Human Rights in International Law Russell A. Miller .......................................................................................381 Transnational Networks and the International Public Order Jenia Iontcheva Turner..............................................................................407 FM.indd viii 5/9/2008 9:04:38 PM Contents ix Part Five: International Jurisdiction and International Jurisprudence Progress in International Adjudication: Revisiting Hudson’s Assessment of the Future of International Courts Cesare P. R. Romano ................................................................................433 Th e “Precedential Judge Hudson”? Rivers, Oceans, Equity, and International Tribunals Betsy Baker ..............................................................................................451 Th e Role of Transnational Judicial Dialogue in Shaping Transnational Speech: International Jurisdictional Confl icts in Hate Speech and Defamation Law Melissa A. Waters .....................................................................................473 Expanding Infl uence: Regional Human Rights Courts and Death Penalty Abolition Kelly Parker ..............................................................................................491 Triumph of Progress: Th e Embrace of International Commercial Arbitration Mary A. Bedikian .....................................................................................517 Part Six: Th e Use of Force and the World’s Peace International Security and Th e Use of Force Abraham D. Sofaer ...................................................................................541 Reforming the Security Council to Achieve Collective Security Brian J. Foley ...........................................................................................571 Security Multilateralism: Progress and Paradox Margaret E. McGuinness ..........................................................................591 Legality versus Legitimacy and the Use of Force Petr Válek .................................................................................................615 Th e Phantom of the Neo-Global Era: International Law and the Implications of Non-State Terrorism on the Nexus of Self-Defense and the Use of Force L. Waldron Davis .....................................................................................633 Progress in Enforcing International Law Against Rogue States?: Comparing the 1930s with the Current Age of Nuclear Proliferation Orde F. Kittrie ..........................................................................................651 Complexity in the Law of War David Kaye ..............................................................................................681 FM.indd ix 5/9/2008 9:04:38 PM x Contents Part Seven: Challenge of Protecting the Environment and Human Rights International Organization and the Environment Stephen C. McCaff rey ..............................................................................709 Recourse to International Human Rights: Challenges to the Traditional Paradigm Mayo Moran ............................................................................................723 A Right to Frozen Water? Th e Institutional Spaces for Supranational Climate Change Petitions Hari M. Osofsky ......................................................................................749 Th e “Preference for Pollution” and other Fallacies, or Why Free Trade Isn’t “Progress” Absent the Harmonization of Environmental Standards Amy Sinden .............................................................................................771 Enhancing Human Rights Protection through Procedure: Procedural