Human Health Evaluation of Contaminants in Puget Sound Fish Division of Environmental Health Office of Environmental Health Assessments P.O. Box 47825 Olympia, Washington 98504-7825 1-877-485-7316 http://www.doh.wa.gov/fish DOH 334-104 October 2006 For people with disabilities, this document is available on request in other formats. To submit a request, please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDD/TTY call 711). Mary C. Selecky Secretary of Health Joan Hardy, Ph.D. Toxicologist Gary Palcisko, M.S. Health Assessor Acknowledgements We would like to thank participants in the Puget Sound Assessment and Monitoring Program (PSAMP) and the Puget Sound Action Team (PSAT) for funding efforts to monitor Puget Sound marine fish. Sandie O’Neill, Jim West, Greg Lippert and Steve Quinnell of the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) collected and analyzed fish tissue from Puget Sound and provided comments on the report. We thank them all for providing data to Washington State Department of Health (DOH). We thank Lon Kissinger (Environmental Protection Agency), Dale Norton (Ecology), Deb Lester (King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks), Scott Redman (Puget Sound Action Team) and others who participated in a technical review of this report and provided numerous useful comments and suggestions. Members of the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission (NWIFC) were engaged throughout the DOH risk assessment process and we thank them for their many contributions to this report. In particular, we would like to acknowledge Steve Robinson and Fran Wilshusen of the NWIFC for coordinating interactions with DOH; Dave Herrera, Skokomish Tribe, the current chair of the Environmental Policy Committee; and members of the EPC. Rich Brooks and Jeff Dickinson offered helpful ideas during project development while J. Burns, Brian Cladoosby, Jamie Donatuto, Alison O’Sullivan, Denice Taylor, Jeff Thomas, and Christine Woodward reviewed the document and provided valuable recommendations. We want to thank Rob Duff, Director, Office of Environmental Health Assessments, for his efforts in editing this report and making final policy decisions. We thank Nancy West for providing GIS support. Madeline Beery, Liz Carr, Dave McBride, Milo Straus and Jim W. White also provided input and we thank them. Table of Contents Executive Summary...................................................................................................................... 13 Introduction................................................................................................................................... 21 Background................................................................................................................................... 21 Methods......................................................................................................................................... 24 Results........................................................................................................................................... 36 Discussion..................................................................................................................................... 44 Conclusions................................................................................................................................... 68 Recommendations......................................................................................................................... 69 References..................................................................................................................................... 75 APPENDIX A: Description of Puget Sound Fish Species ........................................................... 83 APPENDIX B: Toxicological Profiles ......................................................................................... 89 APPENDIX C: Health Risk Estimates ......................................................................................... 98 APPENDIX D: Calculated Meal Limits..................................................................................... 117 APPENDIX E: Contaminant Screening...................................................................................... 129 Tables Table ES-1. Meal recommendations for rockfish from Puget Sound listed by recreational marine areas. ................................................................................................................................. 15 Table ES-2. Meal recommendations for English sole and other flatfish from Puget Sound listed by recreational marine areas. ........................................................................................................ 16 Table 1. Puget Sound English sole (ES) and rockfish (R) sampling stations classified by urban, near-urban, or non-urban setting................................................................................................... 25 Table 2. Organ- or endpoint-specific RfDs or MRLs (mg/kg/day) used to calculate an endpoint- specific hazard index..................................................................................................................... 34 Table 3. Summary of mercury and PCBs measured in four species of rockfish, English sole, Chinook salmon and coho salmon from Puget Sound.................................................................. 37 Table 4. PCB hazard quotients related to consumption of Puget Sound fish.............................. 40 Table 5. Mercury hazard quotients related to consumption of Puget Sound fish. ...................... 41 Table 6. Immune system endpoint hazard indices related to consumption of Puget Sound fish. 42 Table 7. Developmental endpoint hazard indices related to consumption of Puget Sound fish. 43 Table 8. Lifetime increased cancer risk attributable to consumption of Puget Sound fish.......... 44 Table 9. Exposure parameters for calculating eight-ounce fish meal limits. .............................. 45 Table 10. Rockfish meal limit calculations based on area-specific concentrations for brown, copper, and quillback rockfish...................................................................................................... 48 Table 11. Calculated meal limits for English sole at non-urban, near-urban and select urban locations of Puget Sound .............................................................................................................. 49 Table 12. Estimated concentration of PCBs in English sole (flatfish) based on matched PCB sediment concentrations................................................................................................................ 50 Table 13. Meal recommendations for rockfish from Puget Sound listed by recreational marine areas .............................................................................................................................................. 70 Table 14. Meal recommendations for English sole and other flatfish from Puget Sound listed by recreational marine areas. ............................................................................................................. 71 Table C1. Exposure assumptions................................................................................................. 99 Table C2. PCB hazard quotients (HQ) based on mean and 90th percentile rockfish consumption rates for three Puget Sound Native American Tribes, API, and recreational fishers (by station and rockfish species).......................................................................................................................... 101 5 Table C3. PCB hazard quotients (HQ) based on mean and 90th percentile English sole consumption rates for three Puget Sound Native American Tribes, API, and recreational fishers (by station). ................................................................................................................................. 102 Table C4. PCB hazard quotients (HQ) based on mean and 90th percentile Chinook consumption rates for three Puget Sound Native American Tribes, API, and recreational fishers (by station). ..................................................................................................................................................... 104 Table C5. PCB Hazard quotients (HQ) based on mean and 90th percentile coho consumption rates for three Puget Sound Native American Tribes, API, and recreational fishers (by station) ..................................................................................................................................................... 105 Table C6. Mercury hazard quotients (HQ) based on mean and 90th percentile rockfish consumption rates for three Puget Sound Native American Tribes, API, and recreational fishers (by station). ................................................................................................................................. 106 Table C7. Mercury hazard quotients (HQ) based on mean and 90th percentile English sole consumption rates for three Puget Sound Native American Tribes, API, and recreational fishers (by station). ................................................................................................................................. 107 Table C8. Mercury hazard quotients (HQ) based on mean and 90th percentile Chinook consumption rates for three Puget Sound Native American Tribes, API, and recreational fishers (by station). ................................................................................................................................