Instructor’s Manual to accompany Rosen/Behrens THE ALLYN & BACON HANDBOOK FIFTH EDITION Leonard J. Rosen Kathleen Shine Cain Merrimack College Revised and Updated by Kathryn Riley University of Minnesota, Duluth New York Boston San Francisco London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal NOTE REGARDING WEB SITES AND PASSWORDS: If you need a password to access instructor supplements on a Longman book-specific Web site, please use the following information: Username: awlbook Password: adopt Instructor's Manual to accompany Rosen/Behrens, The Allyn & Bacon Handbook, 5th Edition Copyright ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Instructors may reproduce portions of this book for classroom use only. All other reproductions are strictly prohibited without prior permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. ISBN: 0-321-10817-5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10- DPC–05 04 03 02 Contents I1i Critical Thinking and Reading 1 4e Sample final draft 42 1a Critical differences 1 i5i The Paragraph and the Paper 43 1b Critical challenges 3 5a Paragraphs and the whole paper 43 1c Critical contexts 4 5b Paragraphs: Essential 1d Critical opinions 5 features 44 1e Reading to understand 5 5c Paragraph unity 45 1f Reading to respond 7 5d Paragraph coherence 47 1g Reading to evaluate 8 5e Well-developed paragraphs 49 1h Reading to synthesize 11 5f Introductions and conclusions 52 i2i Critical Thinking and Writing 11 2a Writing a summary 1 2 i6i Writing and Evaluating Arguments 54 6a Overview of argument 54 2b Writing an evaluation 13 2c Writing an analysis 15 6b Making a claim 55 6c Gathering evidence 57 2d Writing a synthesis 17 i3i Planning, Developing, and 6d Linking evidence 57 Writing a Draft 18 6e Making rebuttals 59 3a Discovering your topic, 6f Writing an argument 60 purpose, audience 19 6g Evaluating arguments and 3b Generating ideas and avoiding errors 60 information 25 i7i Constructing Sentences 61 3c Categorizing ideas and information 28 7a Sentence parts 62 3d Writing a thesis and 7b Basic sentence patterns 67 sketching your paper 29 7c Modifying with single words 68 3d Writing a draft 33 7d Modifying with phrases 68 3e Student’s rough draft 35 7e Modifying with dependent i4i The Process of Revision 36 clauses 70 4a Early: Rediscovering your 7f Classifying sentences 71 main idea 36 i8i Case in Nouns and Pronouns 73 4b: Later: Focusing your main idea 39 8a Using pronouns as subjects 73 8b Using pronouns as objects 74 4c Final revision 40 4d Advice from peers/ 8c The possessive case 75 professors 41 8d Case in compound constructions 76 8e Pronouns paired with a noun 76 12b Dependent clauses set off iii 8f Relative pronouns in dependent as sentences 102 clauses, questions 77 12c Phrases set off as sentences 103 8g Case in a comparison 77 12d Repeating structures, i9i Verbs 78 compounds 104 9a Principal parts 78 12e Intentional fragments 104 9b Forms of irregular verbs 79 i13i Comma Splices and Fused Sentences 105 9c Using auxiliary verbs 82 13a Identification 105 9d Using transitive and intransitive verbs 83 13b Correction 105 9e Understanding the uses i14i Pronoun Reference 109 of verb tenses 84 14a Pronouns refer to 9f Sequencing verb tenses 86 antecedents 109 9g Using the active and 14b Pronouns close to their passive voices 87 antecedents 109 9h Understanding the uses 14c Antecedents stated directly 110 of mood 88 14d Mixed uses of it 111 i10i Agreement 90 14e Relative pronoun reference 112 10a Third-person subject 90 i15i Misplaced and Dangling 10b Pronouns and antecedents 94 Modifiers 113 10c Indefinite antecedents and 15a Modifiers and clear gender-appropriate pronouns 94 reference 113 i11i Adjectives and Adverbs 97 15b Positioning of modifiers 114 11a Distinguish adjectives 15c Ambiguous modifiers 115 and adverbs 97 15d Lengthy modifiers 116 11c Adverbs modify other adverbs and adjectives 98 15e Verbs split from objects 117 11d Adjectives after linking 15f Split infinitives 117 verbs 98 15g Split verb phrases 117 11e Comparatives and 15h Revising dangling modifiers 118 superlatives 99 i16i Shifts and Mixed Constructions 119 11f Double comparisons, superlatives, negatives 100 16a Shifts in person and number 119 11g Overusing nouns as 16b Shifts in tense, mood, modifiers 100 and voice 119 i12i Sentence Fragments 101 16c Shifts in tone 120 12a Checking for completeness 101 16d Consistency in discourse 120 16e Clearly related sentence 21e Formal English as a standard 146 parts 121 21f Figures of speech iv 16f Consistent subject-predicate and clichés 148 relations 122 21g Eliminate biased language 149 16g Elliptical constructions 122 21h Euphemisms and 16h Consistent comparisons 123 pretentiousness 150 i17i Being Clear, Concise, and Direct 124 i22i Dictionaries and Vocabulary 152 17a Eliminate wordiness 124 22a Dictionaries 152 17b Use strong verbs 126 22b Choosing a dictionary 153 i18i Maintaining Sentence Parallelism 127 22c Specialized dictionaries 153 18a With coordinating 22d Root words, prefixes, conjunctions 128 suffixes 154 18b With correlative 22e Building a vocabulary 155 conjunctions 129 i23i Spelling 156 18c In comparison and contrast 129 23a Spelling/pronunciation links 156 18d For paragraph coherence 130 23b Rules for ie/ei 158 18e For lists or outlines 130 23d Rules for suffixes 158 i19i Building Emphasis with Coordination and Subordination 131 23e Rules for forming plurals 159 19a Coordination and equal i24i End Punctuation 160 ideas 131 24a The period 160 19b Subordination and main 24b The question mark 161 ideas 134 24c The exclamation point 161 19c Emphasis: Special techniques 136 i25i Commas 162 i20i Controlling Length and Rhythm 137 25a With introductory and concluding expressions 162 20a Monitoring sentence length 138 25b Before coordinating 20b Varying sentence length 139 conjunctions 163 20c Controlling sentence rhythm 141 25c Between items in a series 164 i21i Choosing the Right Word 143 25d With nonessential elements 164 21a Denotation and 25e In conventions of quoting 165 Connotation 143 25f Avoid misuse or overuse 166 21b Revising awkward diction 144 i26i Semicolons 167 21c General and specific language 145 26a To join clauses 168 21d Abstract and concrete 26b Avoiding common errors 169 language 146 i32i Hyphens 186 i27i Apostrophes 171 32a To make compound words 186 27a With single nouns 171 32b To divide a word at the v 27b With multiple nouns 172 end of a line 187 27c In contractions 172 i33i Understanding the Research Process 188 27d To mark plural forms 172 33a Making research worthwhile 188 i28i Quotation Marks 173 33b Determining the scope 28a Quoting prose 173 of a paper 190 28b Quoting poetry, dialogue 175 33c Generating ideas for 28c Misuse and overuse 176 the paper 191 i29i Other Marks 177 33d Preliminary research strategy 192 29a The colon 177 33e Devising a working thesis 193 29b The dash for emphasis 178 33f Preliminary research 29c Parentheses 179 and reading 193 29d Brackets and editorial 33g Focused research: insertions 179 Print sources 194 29e Ellipses to indicate a break 180 i34i Using Electronic Resources 194 29f The slash 180 34a Finding the right online resources 197 i30i Capitals and Italics 181 34b Effective Internet 30a For first words in sentences 181 searches 198 30c For poetry 182 34c Evaluating Internet 30d For proper nouns 182 sources 198 30e For specific emphasis 183 i35i Using Sources 199 30f For words, letters defined 183 35a Sources for facts and opinions 199 30g For titles of books, etc. 183 35b Sources: Primary and i31i Abbreviations and Numbers 184 secondary 199 31a For titles of ranks 184 35c Reading sources critically 199 31c In acronyms 184 35d A working bibliography 200 31d For parenthetical references 184 35e Taking notes 200 31e Unconventional 35f Quoting sources 201 abbreviations 185 35g Weaving in source data 202 31g Using figures in sentences 185 31h Mixed numbers and figures 185 i41i Writing for the Web 226 i36i Writing the Research Paper 205 i42i Visual Design of Documents 228 36b Developing a plan 206 42a Design elements and 36c Drawing on your sources 207 audiences 228 vi 36d Determining your voice 207 42b Headings and typography 229 36e Writing a draft 207 42c Graphic material 229 36f Revising and editing 208 i43i Writing in a Business Environment 230 36g Elements of documentation 208 43a Business letter formats 230 36h A sample research paper 208 43b Letters of inquiry 231 i37i Documenting Research 210 43c Letters of complaint 231 37a MLAdocumentation 210 43d Résumés 232 37d CBE documentation 211 i44i Writing Essay Exams 232 i38i Writing and Reading in the Humanities 211 44a A strategy for exams 233 38a Writing in the humanities 212 44b Verbs in essay questions 233 38b Reading in the humanities 214 i45i Making Oral Presentations 233 38c Writing assignments 215 i46i Using English Nouns, Pronouns, and Articles 234 38d Writing about literature 215 46a Articles with nouns 234 38e Sample student paper 216 46c Nouns with prepositions 235 38f References materials 217 i47i Using English Verbs 235 i39i Writing and Reading in the Social Sciences 217 47a Types of verbs and constructions 236 39a Writing in the social sciences 218 47b Changing verb forms 236 39b Reading in the social 47e Gerunds and infinitives 236 sciences 220 47f Phrasal verbs 237 39c Writing assignments 220 i48i Using Modifiers and Connectors in 39d Sample student paper 221 English Sentences 237 39e Reference materials 222 48b Modifiers with linking verbs and prepositions 237 i40i Writing and Reading in the Sciences 222 48c Positioning adverbial modifiers 237 40a Writing in the sciences 222 48f Arranging cumulative 40b Reading in the sciences 225 modifiers 238 40c Writing assignments 225 40d Sample student paper 226 40e Reference materials 226 vii C H A P T E R 1 Critical Thinking and Reading KEY FEATURES Taken together, this chapter and the next (Critical Thinking and Writing) form the foun- dation for the entire handbook.