BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES (BAT) FOR PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION Activity 2: Approaches to Establishing BAT Around the World Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Preventing and Controlling Industrial Pollution Activity 2: Approaches to Establishing Best Available Techniques Around the World 2 │ TABLE OF CONTENTS Please cite this publication as: OECD (2018), Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Preventing and Controlling Industrial Pollution, Activity 2: Approaches to Establishing Best Available Techniques Around the World, Environment, Health and Safety, Environment Directorate, OECD. © Picture on the Cover page: hfzimages/Shutterstock.com © OECD 2018 Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this material should be made to: Head of Publications Service, [email protected], OECD, 2 rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES FOR PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION © OECD 2018 About the OECD The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an intergovernmental organisation in which representatives of 35 industrialised countries in North and South America, Europe and the Asia and Pacific region, as well as the European Commission, meet to co-ordinate and harmonise policies, discuss issues of mutual concern, and work together to respond to international problems. Most of the OECD’s work is carried out by more than 200 specialised committees and working groups composed of member country delegates. Observers from several countries with special status at the OECD, and from interested international organisations, attend many of the OECD’s workshops and other meetings. Committees and working groups are served by the OECD Secretariat, located in Paris, France, which is organised into directorates and divisions. The Environment, Health and Safety Division publishes free-of-charge documents in twelve different series: Testing and Assessment; Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring; Pesticides; Biocides; Risk Management; Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology; Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds; Chemical Accidents; Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers; Emission Scenario Documents; Safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials; and Adverse Outcome Pathways. More information about the Environment, Health and Safety Programme and EHS publications is available on the OECD’s World Wide Web site (www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/). This publication was developed in the IOMC context. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views or stated policies of individual IOMC Participating Organizations. The Inter-Organisation Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) was established in 1995 following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development to strengthen co-operation and increase international co- ordination in the field of chemical safety. The Participating Organisations are FAO, ILO, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UNITAR, WHO, World Bank and OECD. The purpose of the IOMC is to promote co-ordination of the policies and activities pursued by the Participating Organisations, jointly or separately, to achieve the sound management of chemicals in relation to human health and the environment. FOREWORD │ 3 Foreword The Best Available Techniques (BAT) concept has emerged as a key policy tool to prevent and control industrial emissions, thus ensuring a high level of environmental and human health protection. BAT and similar concepts constitute essential elements for setting emission limit values and other permit conditions for industrial emissions in many countries around the world. The implementation of BAT or similar concepts generally requires a high level of resources. There is thus added value in sharing experience and knowledge amongst OECD Member countries and Partner countries on this issue. The OECD Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology at its 54th meeting in February 2016 therefore approved a new project on BAT for preventing and controlling industrial chemical pollution. The project consisted of three activities: (i) compile information on policies and practices embodying BAT; (ii) exchange information on how governments gather information on techniques and establish BAT; and (iii) assess methodologies for evaluation of the effectiveness of policies and practices embodying BAT or similar concepts by using Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) information or monitoring data. Building on the Activity 1 report, this report constitutes the final deliverable of Activity 2, aiming to provide governments with good practice insights on how to effectively design or review their approach to establishing BAT or similar concepts. Information analysed in this report was collected through: (i) extensive contact with national experts, notably the members of OECD’s designated Expert Group on BAT, through a survey, subsequent information exchange and visits to selected countries; and (ii) desk research, based on the consultation of online websites, publications and other resources. The draft report was reviewed at the Second Meeting of the Expert Group on BAT in November 2017. All the experts that have contributed to the report are acknowledged in Annex C. This report is an output of the OECD Environment Directorate. It was prepared under the supervision of the OECD's designated Expert Group on BAT and published under the responsibility of the Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology of the OECD. The report was prepared by Marit Hjort and Takaaki Ito (OECD Secretariat), and benefitted from excellent consultancy work by An Derden and Liesbet Van den Abeele (VITO) as well as Ram Lal Verma, Guilberto Borongan, Timothy Lam and Mara Regine Mendes (Asian Institute of Technology). Hannah Thabet (OECD Secretariat) provided indispensable editorial guidance. BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES FOR PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION © OECD 2018 4 │ TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Abbreviations and acronyms ................................................................................................................ 8 Executive summary ............................................................................................................................. 12 Key characteristics of procedures to determine BAT ........................................................................ 12 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Terminology....................................................................................................................................... 14 Target countries and sectors............................................................................................................... 14 Data collection ................................................................................................................................... 15 Note .....................................................................................................................................................16 Chapter 1. The Russian Federation: A standardised methodology to establish BAT ................... 17 1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 18 1.2. BAT reference documents .......................................................................................................... 18 1.3. Emission limit values associated with BAT ............................................................................... 25 1.4. Attributes and limitations ............................................................................................................ 26 Notes .................................................................................................................................................. 27 References .......................................................................................................................................... 28 Chapter 2. Korea: A standardised methodology to establish BAT ................................................. 30 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 31 2.2. BAT reference documents .......................................................................................................... 31 2.3. Emission limit values associated with BAT ............................................................................... 35 2.4. Attributes and limitations ............................................................................................................ 36 References .......................................................................................................................................... 37 Chapter 3. The United States: Procedures to establish technology-based performance standards .............................................................................................................................................. 38 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................