Case: 19-56004, 06/02/2020, ID: 11709085, DktEntry: 47-1, Page 1 of 35 No. 19-56004 In The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit _______________ STEVEN RUPP, ET AL., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. XAVIER BECERRA, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, Defendant-Appellee _______________ On Appeal from the United States District Court Central District of California, Southern Division The Honorable Josephine L. Staton No. 8:17-cv-00746-JLS-JDE _______________ BRIEF OF AMICUS CURIAE EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY SUPPORT FUND IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT AND AFFIRMATION FILED WITH THE CONSENT OF ALL PARTIES _____________________________ MATTHEW E. SLOAN (SBN 165165) [email protected] MATTHEW J. TAKO (SBN 307013) [email protected] RAZA RASHEED (SBN 306722) [email protected] AGNES N. ANIOL (SBN 324467) [email protected] 300 South Grand Avenue Los Angeles, California 90071-3144 Telephone: (213) 687-5000 Facsimile: (213) 687-5600 Attorneys for Amicus Curiae Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund Case: 19-56004, 06/02/2020, ID: 11709085, DktEntry: 47-1, Page 2 of 35 CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund has no parent corporations. It has no stock and hence no publicly held company owns 10% or more of its stock. 2 Case: 19-56004, 06/02/2020, ID: 11709085, DktEntry: 47-1, Page 3 of 35 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ................................................................................... ii INTEREST OF AMICUS CURIAE .......................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 2 ARGUMENT ............................................................................................................ 5 I. California’s Prohibition of Assault Weapons Is Part of a Longstanding History of Analogous Prohibitions. .............................. 5 A. The AWCA Is Consistent with Centuries of Laws Prohibiting Weapons Deemed to Be Especially Dangerous. ....................... 7 B. States Have Prohibited Semiautomatic Firearms Capable of Quickly Firing Multiple Rounds Since the Early Twentieth Century. ...................................................................................... 9 II. Appellants’ “Common Use” Test Is Illogical and Should Not Be Followed. ............................................................................................ 14 III. The AWCA Properly Advances California’s Significant Public Interest in Promoting Public Safety and Reducing Gun Violence .................. 16 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 25 i Case: 19-56004, 06/02/2020, ID: 11709085, DktEntry: 47-1, Page 4 of 35 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page(s) CASES Ass’n of N.J. Rifle & Pistol Clubs, Inc. v. Attorney General N.J., 910 F.3d 106 (3d Cir. 2018) ............................................................................... 2 Aymette v. State, 21 Tenn. 154 (1840) ........................................................................................... 8 Cockrum v. State, 24 Tex. 394 (1859) ............................................................................................. 8 District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008) ................................................................... 2, 5, 6, 7, 13, 15 Drake v. Filko, 724 F.3d 426 (3d Cir. 2013) ............................................................................. 14 Friedman v. City of Highland Park, 784 F.3d 406 (7th Cir. 2015), cert. denied, 136 S. Ct. 447 (2015) .......... 3, 7, 19 Fyock v. City of Sunnyvale, 779 F.3d 991 (9th Cir. 2015) .................................................................... 5, 6, 16 Gallinger v. Becerra, 898 F.3d 1012 (9th Cir. 2018) ...................................................... 3, 8, 17, 18, 21 Heller v. District of Columbia, 670 F.3d 1244 (D.C. Cir. 2011) ..................................................................... 3, 9 Jackson v. City & County of San Francisco, 746 F.3d 953 (9th Cir. 2014) .............................................................................. 5 Kolbe v. Hogan, 849 F.3d 114 (4th Cir. 2017) (en banc), cert. denied, 138 S. Ct. 469 (2017) ........................................ 2, 3, 15, 17, 21, 24 N.Y. State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n, Inc. v. Cuomo, 804 F.3d 242 (2d Cir. 2015), cert. denied, 136 S. Ct. 2486 (2016) ...... 3, 21, 24 National Rifle Ass’n of America [n], Inc. v. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives, 700 F.3d 185 (5th Cir. 2012) .............................................................................. 6 People v. Gleason, No. H042771, 2017 WL 6276235 (Cal. Ct. App. Dec. 11, 2017), cert. denied, 139 S. Ct. 116 (2018) ................................................................. 3-4 People v. James, 174 Cal. App. 4th 662 (2009) ......................................................................... 3, 8 People v. Zondorak, 220 Cal. App. 4th 829 (2013) ............................................................................. 3 ii Case: 19-56004, 06/02/2020, ID: 11709085, DktEntry: 47-1, Page 5 of 35 Rehaif v. United States, 139 S. Ct. 2191 (2019) ....................................................................................... 2 Teixeira v. County of Alameda, 873 F.3d 670 (9th Cir. 2017) (en banc), cert. denied, 138 S. Ct. 1988 (2018) .................................................................................................................. 7 United States v. Class, 930 F.3d 460 (D.C. Cir. 2019) ......................................................................... 14 United States v. Miller, 307 U.S. 174 (1939) .................................................................................... 14-15 United States v. Skoien, 614 F.3d 638 (7th Cir. 2010) (en banc) .......................................................... 5, 7 Wilson v. Cook County, 937 F.3d 1028 (7th Cir. 2019), petition for cert. filed, No. 19-704 (U.S. Nov. 27, 2019) ................................................................. 3, 17 Worman v. Healey, 293 F. Supp. 3d 251 (D. Mass. 2018), aff’d, 922 F.3d 26 (1st Cir. 2019), petition for cert. filed, No. 19-404 (U.S. Sept. 23, 2019) ................................ 15 Worman v. Healey, 922 F.3d 26 (1st Cir. 2019), petition for cert. filed, No. 19-404 (U.S. Sept. 23, 2019) ........................................................................................ 2, 15, 22 STATUTES & LEGISLATIVE MATERIALS The Laws of Plymouth Colony (1671) ........................................................................ 8 1763-1775 N.J. Laws 346 ............................................................................................. 8 1837 Ala. Laws 7 .......................................................................................................... 8 1837 Ga. Laws 90 ......................................................................................................... 8 1838 Tenn. Pub. Acts 200 ............................................................................................. 8 1879 Tenn. Pub. Acts 135 ............................................................................................. 8 1881 Ark. Acts 191 .................................................................................................... 8-9 1903 S.C. Acts 127 ....................................................................................................... 9 1907 Ala. Laws 80 ........................................................................................................ 9 1909 Me. Laws 141 ...................................................................................................... 9 1911 N.Y. Laws 442 ..................................................................................................... 9 1912 Vt. Acts & Resolves 310 ..................................................................................... 9 1913 Iowa Acts 307 ...................................................................................................... 9 iii Case: 19-56004, 06/02/2020, ID: 11709085, DktEntry: 47-1, Page 6 of 35 1913 Minn. Laws 55 ..................................................................................................... 9 1916 N.Y. Laws 338 ..................................................................................................... 9 1917 Cal. Stat. 221 ........................................................................................................ 9 1917 Minn. Laws 354 ................................................................................................... 9 1926 Mass. Acts 256 ..................................................................................................... 9 1927 Cal. Stat. 938 ...................................................................................................... 11 1927 Mich. Pub. Acts 887 ...................................................................................... 9, 10 1927 R. I. Pub. Laws 256.................................................................................. 9, 10, 12 H.R. 8754, 72d Cong. §§ 1, 14 (1932) ....................................................................... 10 S. Rep. No. 72-575 (1932) .......................................................................................... 11 1933 Cal. Stat. 1169 ...................................................................................................