UK Offshore Wind Power Market Update Overview of the UK offshore wind power market and points to note for new entrants May 2019 英国海上风电市场投资指南 | 经济及金融形势概览 02 2018年大型上市银行 | 引言 Contents Executive Summary 1 Chapter 1 UK Power Market Overview 3 1.1 Market structure 3 1.2 Market Status 7 1.3 Power Trading 9 1.4 European Commission power market legislation 11 Chapter 2 UK Offshore Wind Market 12 2.1 Market overview 12 2.2 Statutory stakeholders in UK offshore wind market 17 2.3 The Offshore Wind Sector Deal 19 Chapter 3 Project Development Key Steps 22 3.1 Project lifecycle 22 3.2 Seabed Leasing 23 3.3 Planning Consent and generation licence 29 3.4 Contract for Difference (CfD) auction 31 3.5 Transfer offshore transmission asset 41 Summary 48 Contact Details 50 1 英国海上风电市场投资指南 | 经济及金融形势概览 1 UK Offshore Wind Power Market Update | Executive Summary Executive Summary UK power market is one of the most liberalised power market in the world with sophisticated regulatory schemes to support efficiency and encourage competition. The openness and transparency of the UK power market have made it one of the most attractive destinations for overseas investors including strategic investors such as major utilities as well as infrastructure funds and other financial investors. Similar to many other markets in the world, the UK power market is going through a transition towards a cleaner energy mix. The UK will phase out coal-fired power plant by 2025 and offshore wind power is playing an increasingly important role in delivering the low carbon energy mix. For overseas investors who are interested in participating in the offshore wind market in the UK, understanding the market mechanism and financial support available to offshore wind generators is crucial. We will take you through the most important elements of UK power market regulation and support schemes in this report and hopefully will provide you with a useful tool when analysing the UK offshore wind market. 1 英国海上风电市场投资指南 | 经济及金融形势概览 2 UK Offshore Wind Power Market Update | Chapter 1 UK Power Market Overview Chapter 1 UK Power Market Overview 1.1 Market structure The UK power market is fully liberalised and is setting the standard for many countries in the world that are embarking on the journey of market reform. The charts below (Figure 1 and Figure 2) set out the current high level market structure: Figure 1 BEIS (Government Department) Ofgem (Independent Regulator) Represent License interests Price Control Electricity wholesale Electricity retail Generation Transmission Distribution Supply Consumers Connection Charges & DUoS Electricity bill TNUoS TNUoS Electricity purchase Cash flow Electricity flow 3 UK Offshore Wind Power Market Update | Chapter 1 UK Power Market Overview Figure 2 BEIS – Supervising Government Department Ofgem – Economic Regulator The Department of Energy & Climate Change (DECC) became Ofgem, the Office of Gas and Electricity Market, is the part of Department of Business, Energy & Industrial Strategies independent regulator for the GB electricity and gas sectors. (BEIS) in July 2016. It was founded in 1999 when the offices of the offices of the electricity and gas industry regulators were merged to form BEIS is the government department responsible to ensure Ofgem. secure, clean and affordable energy supplies. Ofgem’s principal objectives include: In short, BEIS establishes and implements energy policy, • Protecting existing and future consumers by promoting while Ofgem regulates and monitors the activities of energy effective competition and regulating the monopoly gas and companies to protect consumers within the policy framework electricity network companies. set by the government. • Promoting efficiency of energy consumption by licensees • Ensuring public safety • Securing a diverse and viable long-term energy supply • Environmental protection BEIS and Ofgem are the main government and regulatory bodies in the UK electricity industry which set the policy for and supervise companies in the following sectors Generation Transmission Distribution Supply (Competitive) (Price regulated) (Price regulated) (Competitive) • EDF Energy • National Grid 6 licensed Distribution • EDF • RWE nPower • SHETL Scottish Hydro- Network Operators • SSE • E.On UK Electric Transmission Ltd (DNOs) • RWE • SSE holds the transmission • E.ON • Centrica license in northern • Scottish and Southern • Centrica • Scottish Power Scotland Energy • Scottish Power • GdF Suez • SPTL Scottish Power • SP Energy Networks • First Utility • Drax Power Transmission Ltd holds • Electricity North West • Drax Group • Calon Energy the transmission license • Northern PowerGrid • Gazprom • Eggborough in southern Scotland • Western Power • Ovo Energy • Others Distribution • Others( • UK Power Networks The Big Six 4 UK Offshore Wind Power Market Update | Chapter 1 UK Power Market Overview Power generation is a competitive Electricity interconnection Onshore transmission – TO-SPV sector with a large number of The GB power market enjoys good Model generators being active. It is worth electricity interconnections with a Ofgem is developing a number noting that majority of the generators number of other countries such of schemes to facilitate private are owned or ultimately controlled by as France, Ireland, Belgium and participation in the onshore companies outside the UK, especially the Netherlands. In response to transmission market such as the TO- in the offshore wind sector. Active the UK and EU policy to encourage SPV model that requires incumbent participants include the Big Six: EDF, interconnection to enhance TO to allow private participation Centrica, RWE, SSE, Scottish Power, competition between markets through construction and investment as well other players especially in and help manage intermittent on a number of selected projects. This the renewable sector. This includes renewables, there are a number scheme is still under development. Orsted, Equinor, Innogy, Statkraft, of new interconnection projects Vattenfall, etc.,. In addition to utility proposed or under construction. Electricity distribution is a price investors, financial investors such as However, the uncertainties of Brexit regulated sector. There are currently Macquarie and GIP are also very active has had some impact on a number of 14 licensed electricity distribution in the UK power generation market. new interconnection projects with a network operators (DNOs) in the GB delay in regulatory approvals, but the power market with each of them being System Operator (SO) demand for electricity interconnection responsible for a specific area. These National Grid Electricity System is expected to continue to provide 14 DNOs are owned by 6 different Operator (NG ESO) is the current GB a solid basis for new projects. groups set out in Figure 3 below. power system operator. It is a legally This is a competitive sector with There is no competition within these separated entity within the National independently developed projects areas and therefore each DNO is Grid Group as of April 2019. as well as those owned by National subject to economic regulation. On Grid. Revenue support under the 'Cap 1st April 2015, Ofgem introduced the Electricity transmission and Floor' scheme is available for the ‘Revenue=Incentives + Innovation + Onshore transmission – development of interconnectors. Outputs (RIIO)’ price control model Transmission Operators (TO) where the total revenues that DNOs Onshore transmission is dominated Offshore transmission – OFTO can earn are capped from network by three main players: the National Another sector of offshore charges are capped established. Grid Transmission Limited holds the transmission is the transmission transmission licence for England of electricity from offshore wind and Wales, the Scottish Hydro- farms to the onshore grid. Following Electric Transmission Ltd (SHETL) for development and construction by the northern Scotland, and Scottish Power owners of the offshore wind farm, Transmission Ltd (SPTL) for southern offshore transmission owners (OFTOs) Scotland. This is a sector subject to are appointed through a competitive economic regulation as the three TOs process with active private sector are effectively natural monopolies. participation. Revenues for OFTOs However, Ofgem has been actively are earned on an availability basis introducing competition into the with incentives for out-performance sector. and penalties for under-performance. 5 UK Offshore Wind Power Market Update | Chapter 1 UK Power Market Overview Figure 3 Scottish and Southern Energy 14. Scottish Hydro Electric Power Distribution plc 2. Southern Electric Power Distribution plc SP Energy Networks 14 13. SP Distribution Ltd 9. SP Manweb plc 10. Electricity North est Limited Northern Powergrid 13 12. Northern Powergrid (Northeast) Limited 11. Northern Powergrid (Yorkshire）plc 12 10 UK Power Networks 11 3. London Power Networks plc 4. South Eastern Power Networks 5. Eastern Power Networks plc 9 8 7 5 estern Power istribution 8.Western Power Distribution (East Midlands) plc 6 3 7.Western Power Distribution (West Midlands) plc 2 1.Western Power Distribution (South West) 4 .Western Power Distribution (South West plc 1 Source: Ofgem Electricity Supply is a competitive suppliers. The largest electricity sector with a large number of players suppliers in the UK are known as the active and consumers have the option Big 6: EDF, SSE, nPower, E.ON, Centrica to switch suppliers which is creating a and Scottish Power. However there healthy competition between different