Professional Paper No. 22 Series H, Forestry, 7 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR \ FOREST CONDITIONS lN 'fHE- SAN FRANCISCO MOUNTAINS FOREST HESERVE, ARIZONA BY JOHN B. LEIBERG, THEODORE F. RIXON, AND ARTHUR DODWELL WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY F. G. PLUMMER ·wASHINGTON G 0 Y E R N 1\I E N T I' HI N T IN G 0 ];' F I C E 1904 CONT .. ENTS. Page.. Letter of transmittaL_. __._._. ____-_._._._ .. _._ .. _.. _. ______ . __ _._._._- __._. ________ ._· __________ .~ __ . ____ . __ .___ 9 Introdnetion.·.-_-_. ______________ ._._._._._._._. ___ .. _______ .___ -_._. __ . ___________ . ____ . _. _________ ---- _ ___ 11 Boundaries·. ___ .----- ___ .·.·-·-·-·-·-·-·-_._. __ . __________ ._ .. _.._._. ______ . _______________ . _____ .___ 11 Surface features ___ . _ _- ..·: ______ ._._._ ..·.- ___ .· _ _. _ _. __ . _ _. ___________ .: ___________ . ________ ._______ 13 Soil·. _. _: _. _.. __ _. .. _ . _. __ .. __. .· ..· .... _. _. _..: ____ _. __. __ _. .· __.. __ . ___ .. __ . __ . __ . __ .. _____ . ___ .. 15 Drainage_._. _ _. ___ . _____________________ . __________ _.:. _ _. ________ . ____ . ___ ------_________ 15 Forest and womllan<.l .· __ . __ . __ . __ . __ . _____ ·- : _.. ·_____ . ___________ . ____ .· __ . _____ . _....... _ _ 17 Zones or types of arborescent growth_ . _.·. _. __.: _. __ . _: __. ... ____ . _______ . __ . __ . _.. _.. ___ . _ 18 Aspect and character of timber belts ____ . __._._. ___ . __ _.._ .. _._._._._._._. ___ ._ ... _._._.___ 19 Undergrowth and ground cover . _: _. _ . _. _. _ . _. :. _. _.. _ , _... ·. _ . _. _________ . ___ . _. _. _____ . _ 20 Species· of trees. _. _. __. __ .· .. __.-_.:. __ .... _, _. _: _... ___ . _, _. ________ . _______________ . _ __ _ __ _ 21 Yellow pine . _:. __. , _. _: . __. , ____ . ____ " . ____ _. _ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ 21 Limber pine __:: __ : __.. :. _: _.:: __ _: __ . __________________ . __ . __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ 21 Bristle-cone pine ______ . _____ :. __.:: _: ___ :: __ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ 21 Piiion : . ... _:::. _. ___ . _:. ___ : _: __ . _______ _: :: _________________________ . __ _ __ _ 21 . Single-leaf piiion _.. _. _. _____ _.: _____ .____ _: _: _:· _________ . _______ _._ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ ·21 Red fir : _: __ : . .... ___ ... _. ___ . _: __ .. __ : ____ .. _____ . __ . _______________ . __ _ _ __ _ _ 21 White fir ______ . __ . ___ . __ . ___________ : ___ _: _: __ .. ______ . __ . ___ . _____ . _. _______ . _ 21 ·Arizona fir. __ .... ____ . ___ . ______ : ___ _: _: _. ___ . _____ . _. _. _. _. _. _____ ~ ___ . _. _. _. 21 -·Engelmann· spruce ; . _. _. ___ . ___ . ______ _: _________ . _. _. _... _. _. _. _. _. _. ___ . ___ . 21 One-seed juniper _. _.: _: . __ . _. _. _. _. ___ . ___ . _____ . _. _. _. _. _. ___ . ___ . _. _. __ .. _. 21 Alligator juniper_._. ___ ... _._._. ___ ._:_.:._. ___ . _____ ._. ___ ._. __ : ____ . __ . __ .__ 21 Arizona cypress . _. _.:. _... _ . _. _. ___ . _. _. :. : . _. _. _ . ____________ . ______________ . 22 Commercial value of timber belts _. _... ___ . _. _. :. _. _·: _____ . __ _ __ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ 22 Capacity of the forest in mill timber_ ..... _____ ::. _:;:: _ __ __ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ 22 Destruction of the forest _____ . ______ ... __________________ . _______ .. ________ . _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ 24 Cutting ·_. ____ . _.. __ . _. _________ . __: .. _. ___ . _. __________________ . __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ 24 G rar-ing ....... _.. _· _..... _... _. __ .. __________ : _____________ . _. ____ . ________ . _. 25 Fire:: ... _..... ____ .. ____ .. _________ .. _. __ ._. _______ . _____ .___________________ 26 Reproduction·: ....... _.. _.. : . .... _.. _. ___ .. __: ___ . _. _____________ . ________________ . _ _ _ 28 Influence of the forest on run-off .. _. __ _.... : __ ;. ________ . _____ . __ ... _. _______ . _..... _. _ 30 Grazing value of the reserve _.. : . .. _.. : .. _..... _.. _. : _: . .. _________ . _. _______ .:. _ . _. _.. 31 .Effects of sheep herding- on forest floor . _.. _.. __: .·; _. _. _. _. _____ . ___ . ___ . _. _. _____ . _ __ _ _ 34 Nontimberecl 'tracts ..•. _... _._. __ _._ .. _..... __ . _. __ ..... _- ______ . ___ ... _..... _..... _... _.. 35 Agricultural value ....•.••••..••...·.: .. : ... __ ._ ....... :._ .. __ ._._ ....... _._._._._._-.-.. 35 3 4 CONTENTS. Page, Detailed descriptions .................................... _........... , __ ·____ .............. 35 Township 15 north, range 6 east .. __ ... __ .. __ ... _____ . __ , ..... _... ___ .. _..... _.. __ _ 35 Township 15 north, range 7 east _.. ___ .. _. _........................................ 36 Township 15 north, nmge_8 east .. _..... _.. _.. __ ............................... __ .. 36 Township 15 north, range 9 east .. _.. _ ..... _.............................. _........ 36 Township 15 north, range 10 east ............................................ __ .... 37 Township 15 north, range 11 east .. _............................ _.... ...... ...... .. 37 Township 16 north, range 5 east_------.----- ___ ................................... 38 Township 16 north, range 6 east _____ .. ___ ... ______ ....... ______ ... _.... , __ ......... 38 Township 16 north, range 7 east................................................... 38 Township 16 north, range 8 east ____ ... __ ... ___ . _... ___ . _. ____ . ___ . _. ____ ..... _. _.. 39 Township 16north, range 9 east ........ __ ........................ _................ 39 Township 16 north, range 10 east .................................... _.. _........... 40 Township 16 north, range 11 east .. _______ . ___ ... _. __ . _. _. __ . _. __ : .. _.. __ . ___ . _. _. _ 40 Township 17 north, range 4 east ... _............. _. _.. _.. _. _.... _. _.... _.. _........ 41 Township 17 north, range 5 east................................................... 41 Township 17 north, range 6 east ....· ...... _._ ..................... _................ 41 Township 17 north, range 7 east................................................... 41 Township 17 north, range 8 east· .......... ___ ..................... __ ............... 42 Township 17 north, range 9 east ...... _.............. _.................. _... _...... 42 Township 17 north, range 10 east .... _........................... __ ......... __ ... _. 43 Township 17 north, range 11 east_ ................. _............................... 43 Township 18 north, range 4 east .................. _.... _.. _.. _....... _.... __ ....... 43 Township 18 north, range 5 east ................ _.............. _.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 43 Township 18 north, range 6 east _.................................................. 44 Township 18 north, range 7 east _.................................................. 44 Township 18 north, range 8 east ................. _._............................... 45 Township 18 north, range 9 east .... _.... __ .. _.. _..... ___ . _... __ .... __ ..... __ ... __ _ 45 Township 18 north, range 10 east ..... _.. _.. _.......... _........... _............ _.. 46 Township 18 north, range 11 east ....... __ ........... _............ _................ 46 Township 1\l'north, range l east ....... _.. _............. _......... _............... _ 47 Township 19 north, range 2 east................................................... 47 Township 19 north, range 3 east................................................... 47 Township 19 north, range 4 east ....................................... _......... _ 48 Township 19 north, range 5 east _................... _..... _...... · ....... _.... _.... _ 48 Township 19 north, range 6 east_ ............... _...... _...... _........... _........ 49 Township 19 north, range 7 east ....... _.... _............. _: .......... _.. _........ _ 49 Township 19 north, range 8 east . __ ........... _..... _ .. __ ... _.. _.. _...... _......... 50 Township 19 north, range 9 east _.. _... _. ___ . __ . _... _.. _____ .. __ .. _. _.. _.. _... __ . _. 50 Township 19 north, range 10 east ..... __ .... __ ..... _........ _............... __ .... _ 50 Township 20 north, range 1 east _............ _............ _.... __ .... _...... _.. __ __ 51 Township 20 north, range 2 east .... __ ... ______ ........ _...... _.. ___ .. __ .. ____ .... _ 51 Township 20 north, range 3 east ..... __ ............ __ ........ _.. _............ _.. _.. 52 Township 20 north, range 4 east ........ _.. _...... _.. _.......... _.. _.. _........ __ .. 52 Township 20 north, range 5 east .... ___ .... __ ..... _... _.... _. _. _........... __ .... _. 53 Township 20 north, range 6 east __ ........ _.... _........... ___ ...... _..... ..... .... 53 CONTENTS. 5 Page. Detailed descriptions-Continued. Township 20 north, range 7 east ....................................•... ".......... · 54 Township 20 north, range 8 east . .... .. ... .. .. ...... •.. .. .. .. ... 55 Township 20 north, range 9 east .... , . 55 Township 20 north, range 10 east.................................................. 56 Township 21 north, range 1 east . ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. 56 Township 2lnorth, range 2 east . ... .... .. .. ... ... .. .. 56 Township 21 north, range 3 east . .. 57 Township 21 north, range 4 east .. .. 57 Township 21 north, range 5 east .. .. 58 Township 21 north, range 6 east . .. .. .. 59 Township 21 north, range 7 east . .. .. .. .. 59 Township 21 north, range 8 east . .. .. .. 60 Township 21 north, rangP- 9 east . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. • . 61 Township 22 north, range 1 east ......................................