INHERITANCE OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SEED OIL IN THE BUFFALO GOURD, CUCURBITA FOETIDISSIMA HBK. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors GATHMAN, ALLEN CRAIG. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 00:30:15 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187359 INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. 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Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI48106 8401261 Gathman, Allen Craig INHERITANCE OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SEED OIL IN THE BUFFALO GOURD, CUCURBITA FOETIDISSIMA HBK The University of Arizona PH.D. 1983 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI48106 INHERITANCE OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SEED OIL IN THE BUFFALO GOURD, CUCURBITA FOETIDISSlMA HBK by Allen Craig Gathman A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the COMMITTEE ON GENETICS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 983 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Allen Craig Gathman ----------~~--------------------------------- entitled Inheritance of Fatty Acid Composition of Seed Oil in the Buffalo Gourd, Cucurbita foetidissima HBK. and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. oC3 I / f(}3 V2P~ I Di~rtation Director STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the Head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. To my' father era i 9 Ga thman iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS While it is admittedly a cliche, the people who have helped in mY progress as a student are in truth too numerous to mention here. To a smaller group, however, lowe so much that it would be improper for me to put my name on this work without inviting them to share such credit as it may deserve. First, my major professor, Dr. W. P. Bemis, through­ out my career in the College of Agriculture, has unfailingly guided me with quiet confidence in my ability. By giving me responsibility and the freedom to fulfill it in my own way, he has helped me to grow over the years I have worked with him. Dr. J. E. Endrizzi has always been available for enlightening discussion; Dr. K. Matsuda provided both enlightenment and lab space; Dr. Robert Harris gave me my first teaching experience, and helped steer me through the red tape of a graduate career. During the course of this work I have had the assistance and enjoyable company in field and lab of a number of able undergraduates, particularly Sam Scheerens, Gerri Scheerens, Lori Euken, and the indis­ pensable Terry McGriff. My friend Joe Scheerens was a constant source of aid and advice, and Grant Ramsay, among many other favors, loaned me the word processor on which this dissertation was first written. I am especially indebted to Drs. Archie Deutschman, Jr. and James Berry, who gave me the equipment and space, as well as the volumes of advice, iv v necessary for the lab work of this study. The National Science Foundation supported me throughout my graduate career, first in a predoctoral fellowship, and later indirectly by funding the research on buffalo gourd of which this,work is a part. Lastly, I owe my continued sanity and perserverance in the face of sometimes extreme odds to the Fifth Street Irregulars, especi­ ally Adam, Lana, Perk, and Travis; to my father and my sisters Vicky and Gerry; and above all to the tolerance and encouragement of my wife Robin and my daughter Cabell. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES . · · · . viii LIST OF FIGURES . · · · . ix ABSTRACT · . x l. INTRODUCTION . · · . · 1 2. LITERATURE REVIEW · · . · . · 5 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis and Desaturation . 5 Oleate Desaturation: Substrate 6 01 eate Desaturation: Site. .. .. 8 Fatty Acid Inheritance in Commercial Crops . 10 Safflower . ... 10 Corn (Maize) .... 11 Rape ....... 13 Soybean . 13 Sunflower . • . 14 Other Crops . 15 Environmental Effects on Lipid Composition .... 16 Sunflower . 16 Rape ................ 18 Other Oi1seeds ....•......... 19 Other Tissues and Organisms ..... 19 Mechanism and Consequences of Temperature Effect on Lipid Composition 21 Mechanism .. .... 21 Consequences . 23 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 24 Crossing Scheme 24 Seed Harvesting . ...... 25 Sample Preparation ......... 25 Esterification of Fatty Acids 26 Chromatography . 26 Determination of Crude Fat Content . 27 Environmental Data •........ 27 vi vii TABLE OF CONTENTS-~Contfnued Page 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION •.••......• • • • • 28 Precision and Accuracy of Measurements . 28 General Obs"ervati'ons on the Data . 35 Heri"tal)f'l ity of Ofl Composi tion .. .• 39 Environmental Effects .. .. 45 5. CONCLUSIONS 65 LIST OF REFERENCES . 71 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Precision of Measurements: Comparison of Coefficients of Variation Between Analyses and Throughout Population .•.•.•••.. 29 2. Standard Mixtures: Comparison of Observed Data and Data Corrected for Peak Overlap •... 32 3. Correlation Coefficients of Fatty Acids 34 4. Analysis of Variance of Fatty Acid Content: Progeny by Parents •.•... 38 5. 1981 Simple Regressions: Linoleate 41 6. 1981 Simple Regressions: Oleate ••• 42 7. 1981 Simple Regressions: Palmitate 43 8. 1982 Simple Regressions: Progeny Mean with Midparent 44 9. Effect of Pollination Date on Oil Unsaturation 47 10. Determination of Critical Period for Environmental Influence ..• 58 11. 1982 Multiple Regressions: Linoleate 61 12. 1982 Multiple Regressions: Oleate .. 62 13. 1982 Multiple Regressions: Palmitate 63 14. Correlation Coefficients of Environmental Parameters . 64 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Typical Chromatogram of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters From Buffalo Gourd Seed Oil •••.•.••••..• 31 2. Linoleate Content Versus Crude Fat Content of Buffalo Gourd Seeds • • • • 36 3. Daily Low Temperatures, Tucson Experiment Station: 1971 · 48 4. Daily Low Temperatures, Tucson Experiment Station: 1981 · 49 5. Daily Low Temperatures, Tucson Experiment Station: 1982 · 50 6. Daily High Temperatures, Tucson Experiment Station: 1979 • 51 7. Daily High Temperatures, Tucson Experiment Station: 1981 • 52 8. Daily High Temperatures, Tucson Experiment Station: 1982 • 53 9. Daily Rainfall, Tucson Experiment Station: 1979 54 10. Daily Rainfall, Tucson Experiment Station: 1981 55 ll. Daily Rainfall, Tucson Experiment