Vol. 21, No. 4 Winter 1988 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST PUBLISHED BY THE MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Published by the Michigan Entomological Society Volume 21 No.4 ISSN 0090·0222 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pheromone lures to monitor sparse populations of spruce bud worm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) David A. Grimble ................................................... 141 Ectoparasitic arthropods collected from some northern Ohio mammals C. Lee Rockett and Scott A. Johnston .................................. 147 Attraction of acorn-infesting Cydia latiferreana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to pheromone-baited traps J.W. Peacock, S.L. Wright, and J.R. Galford .......................... 151 The bindweed plume moth, Emmelina monodactyla (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae): First host record for Phaeogenes vincibilis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Foster Forbes Purrington and Deborah H. Stinner ....................... 157 Observations on parental care in the family Aradidae (Hepteroptera) Steven J. Taylor ...................................................... 159 Bacteria as ovipositional attractants for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Dana Hasselschwert and C. Lee Rockett ................................ 163 Descriptions of nymphal instars of Abedus breviceps (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) S.L. Keffer and J.E. McPherson ....................................... 169 Index to Volume 21 175 PUBLICATION DATES Volume 20, Number 4 17 Dec. 1987 Volume 21, Number 1 21 June 1988 Volume 21, Number 2 21 June 1988 Volume 21, Number 3 28 Oct. 1988 COVER ILLUSTRATION Stictoleptura canadensis (Oliv.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Drawing by Mark A. Deyrup. THE MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1987-88 OFFICERS President Kenneth Krafi President-Elect P. L. Watson Executive Secretary M. C. Nielsen Journal Editor Mark F. O'Brien Newsletter Editor Louis F. Wilson The Michigan Entomological Society traces its to the old Detroit Entomological Society and was organized on 4 November 1954 to " ... promote the of entomology in all its branches and by all feasible means, and to advance cooperation and good fellowship among persons interested in entomology." The Society attempts to facilitate the exchange of ideas and information in both amateur and professional circles, and encourages the study of insects by youth. Membership in the Society, which serves the North Centml States and adjacent Canada, is open to all persons interested in entomology. There are four paying classes of membership: Studem (including those currently enrolled as college sophomores}--annual dues $4.00 Active-annual dues $8.00 Institutional-annual dues $20.00 Sustaining-annual contribution $25.00 Or more Life-$I60.00 Dues are paid on a calendar year basis (Jan. I·-Dec. 31). 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MICROFILM EDITION: Positive microfilm copies of the current volume of The Great Lakes EnlOmologist will be available at nominal cost, to members and bona fide subscribers of the paper edition only, at the end of each volume year. Please address all orders and inquiries to University Microfilms, Inc., 300 Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA. Inquiries about back numbers, subscriptions and Society business should be directed to the Executive Secretary, Michigan Entomological Society, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. Manuscripts and related correspondence should be directed to the Editor (see inside back cover). Copyright © 1988. The Michigan Entomological Society 1988 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 141 PHEROMONE LURES TO MONITOR SPARSE POPULATIONS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) David G. Grimble' ABSTRACT Four types of spruce budworm pheromone lures were field-tested in sparse spruce budwOffil populations in Maine. BioLures® with constant pheromone emission rates less than 1.0, ca. 1.0-1.5, and ca. 15.0 micrograms of pheromone per day were compared to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) lures with rapidly decreasing pheromone emission rates. Mean trap catch was roughly proportional to lure emission rates. All lures continued to catch moths over the entire flight period but moth catches with the three lowest emission-rate lures were judged to be too low. BioLures with the highest emission rate (15.0 micrograms of pheromone per day) showed the lowest variability in trap catch and the fewest zero trap catches. Traps baited with pheromone lures to catch male moths are probably the most cfficient tools currently available to monitor sparse populations of spruce budworms, Choristo­ neurafumiferana (Clem.). Large capacity traps are placed in the field immediately prior to the onset of moth flight and retrieved 3 to 4 weeks later after all moth flight has ceased (Allen et al. 1986). Mean trap catch can then be used to evaluate relative population density and, with serial data, make useful predictions of population trends over time. To use this new technology, however, pest control personnel need reliable sources of effective traps and pheromone baits. Various trap designs have been tested and a commercially available trap has been accepted as adequate for monitoring purposes by most users (Sanders 1978, Allen et al. 1984). Previous field testing has generally employed baits produced on contract for specific purposes but commercial pheromone baits are now available. In preliminary testing of commercial baits, trap catch was often too high, largely be<:ause of high pheromone emission rates (Grimble 1987, Sanders and Meighen 1987) and high bud worm population levels. For monitoring purposes, a large trap catch is less important than is uniformity in catch. Large trap catches increase the time needed to count moths and may even result in a repellent effe<:t from dead moths already in the trap (Sanders 1986). This paper reports the results of a field test to compare trap catch from four pheromone baits with low emission rates in sparse budworm populations. 'Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, USDA Building, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 142 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 21, No.4 METHODS Pheromone traps used in this field study were Multipher - 12 plastic canisters (Extermination Savigny, Service Antiparsitaire, Canada), tested and recommended for monitoring spruce budworm populations (Allen et al. 1986). An insecticide strip (Vaportape II®) impregnated with a 9.95 percent concentration of 2, 2- dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (Health-Chern. Corporation, Hercon Division) was placed in each trap as a fumigant to kill trapped moths and prevent their escape. Pheromone baits used in this study were from two sources. BioLures (Consep Membranes Inc.) with 3 different emission rates, labeled A, B, and C, were pheromone­ impregnated fiber chips sandwiched between a permeable membrane and an impermeable backing. The complete baits were flat and circular, approximately 3.2 cm in diameter, and were mounted directly on the inner surface of the trap lids by means of adhesive strips on the back of the lures. For these baits, the pheromone release rate through the membrane was reported to be essentially constant for the expected life of the lures (pers. comm. M. Banfield, Consep Membranes Inc.). BioLure A baits were loaded with 0.42 milligrams of pheromone and had a calculated release rate of less than 1.0 micrograms per day; BioLure B baits contained 1.10 milligrams pheromone and released 1.0-1.5 microgram per day; BioLure C baits bad a 2.54 milligram loading and released about 15.0 micrograms of pheromone per day. All of these lures were expected to remain functional for much longer than the 2 to 3 weck moth flight period. In addition, "PVC" lures were small (4 mm diam. x 10 mm long) pellets of polyvinyl chloride impregnated with budworm pheromone (0.03 percent by weight) and were manufactured under specific contract (New Brunswick Research and Productivity Council). The pheromone release rate from these lures was expected to approximate an exponential decay curve, beginning with a large burst of pheromone emission (approxi­ mately 2.4 micrograms/day) that declined with age to about 0.5 micrograms per day. Thus, soon after the initial burst of pheromone these lures were expected to have lower emission rates than BioLure A baits. Nearly all the pheromone should be expended in approximately 28 to 35 days. This type of lure had been used in most of the recent bud worm pheromone trap field testing and was considered a standard in this test, to which others could be compared (Grimble 1987, Sanders and Meighen 1987). PVC lures were held in place on the inner surface of the trap lid by means of a small pin stuck through the