12/2/2010 ES: Ch. 30 Quiz Vocabulary Notes Spectrum 1. Spectrum 7. Red‐shift • A display of colors emitted from and/or absorbed by space objects like stars. 2. Color wavelength 8. Blue‐shift • There are three types of spectra: Continuous, 3. Continuous spectrum 9. Doppler effect emission, and dark‐line. 4. Emission spectrum 10.Big Bang Theory • Could also be referred to as the electromagnetic 5. Dark‐line Absorption spectrum (of all forms of energy). spectrum 6. Element Color Wavelength Continuous Spectrum • A specific wavelength of light we see as a specific • All colors are present in the spectrum of light. color. When all colors wavelengths combine we see light as white. • Red is the longest, yellow is in the middle, blue and violet are the shortest. • There are many shades of each color. Emission Spectrum Dark‐line Absorption Spectrum • The specific color wavelengths given off (emitted) • The dark lines indicate the light colors that are from the gaseous chemical element reactions of absorbed by the gaseous chemicals of space space objects. Colored lines on a spectrum. object. All shown colors pass through to our eyes. – Same colors that the chemical elements will absorb when the light comes from another source. • The same light colors will be emitted if those energy reactions begin to happen. 1 12/2/2010 http://www.oglethorpe.edu/faculty/~m_rulison/Astronomy/Chap%2004/chapter_4_lecture_notes.htm http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse‐contents/IIT‐KANPUR/ModernSurveyingTech/lectureD_19/D_19_3.htm Element Red‐shift • A substance made of one type of material. • When a certain color wavelength is “stretched,” to a – One type of atom combined to form many of the color closer to the red end of the color spectrum. same atoms together. • Caused by a certain color wavelength moving away – Ex. Carbon by itself from an observer. – Ex. Hydrogen by itself Blue‐shift Doppler Effect • When a certain color wavelength is “squeezed,” to a • The shift (change) in the wavelength of light from color closer to the blue end of the color spectrum. an object as the object moves towards or away • Caused by a certain color wavelength moving from the observer. toward from an observer. http://jdem.lbl.gov/DarkEnergy.html • Also an effect on sound waves. 2 12/2/2010 Doppler Effect Big Bang Theory • Also an effect on sound waves. 1. 14 billion years ago, all matter in one small volume – Based on red‐shift of color of most space objects 2. A “sudden event” caused all matter to be sent outward in all directions – Theories of first possible reactions between elements 3. Gravitational attraction between all matter began to cause the formation space objects (stars, galaxies, planets). http://people.finearts.uvic.ca/~aschloss/course_mat/MU207/wolfenden_article.html http://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/astronomy‐terms/big‐crunch.htm/printable 3.