NEW DIRECTIONS IN IRISH AND IRISH AMERICAN LITERATURE RETHINKING JOYCE’S DUBLINERS Edited by Claire A. Culleton and Ellen Scheible New Directions in Irish and Irish American Literature Series Editor Claire A. Culleton Kent State University Kent, Ohio, USA Aim of the Series New Directions in Irish and Irish American Literature promotes fresh scholarship that explores models of Irish and Irish American identity and examines issues that address and shape the contours of Irishness and works that investigate the fluid, shifting, and sometimes multivalent discipline of Irish Studies. Politics, the academy, gender, and Irish and Irish American culture, among other things, have not only inspired but affected recent scholarship centered on Irish and Irish American literature. The series’s focus on Irish and Irish American literature and culture contributes to our twenty-first century understanding of Ireland, America, Irish Americans, and the creative, intellectual, and theoretical spaces between. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14747 Claire A. Culleton • Ellen Scheible Editors Rethinking Joyce’s Dubliners Editors Claire A. Culleton Ellen Scheible Department of English Department of English/Irish Studies Kent State University Bridgewater State University Kent, Ohio, USA Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA New Directions in Irish and Irish American Literature ISBN 978-3-319-39335-3 ISBN 978-3-319-39336-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-39336-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016955845 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the ­publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image © gareth mcguckin / Alamy Stock Photo Dublin sticker art Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Claire Culleton and Ellen Scheible wish to thank Ryan Jenkins and Allie Bochicchio at Palgrave Macmillan for their helpfulness in steering this pro­ ject through its various channels. Ellen Scheible adds: This project would not have been possible with- out the friendships and relationships that developed during the last fif- teen years of my time at North American James Joyce Conferences and International James Joyce Symposia. Most importantly, I am grateful for the kindness and support of my co-editor, Claire Culleton, and the three years of scholarship, friendship, and laughter that we have shared. We would not have begun this project without the 2013 reincarnation of the Miami J’yce Conference and the conversations and discussions that grew from that experience. Even though I was never his graduate student or official mentee, Vince Cheng encouraged and motivated me to expand my ideas about Joyce and Ireland, while also making me feel like I was part of a community. I continue to be impressed by the generosity and support that he shows toward junior scholars. I am also in debt to a long list of Joyceans who have given me advice, both personally and professionally, over the years, including Colleen Jaurretche and Paul Saint-Amour, both of whom persuaded me to study Joyce when I was a graduate student at Claremont. Marc Redfield, Constance Jordan, David Lloyd, and Wendy Martin taught me how to be an academic. My students, particularly those from my senior seminar, Domestic Demons: Twentieth-Century Irish Literature and the Domestic Interior, have influenced my thinking about Joyce more than they could ever imagine. My colleagues at Bridgewater State University, especially those who supported my development of the v vi Acknowledgments Irish Studies Program, helped me find a space where I truly can teach my research. My parents, Bruce and Sally Scheible, will always be the reason I succeed in anything. Bill Selove has read everything I have written in the past two years, and he loves me anyway—for that, I am grateful. Finally, I received a Marion and Jasper Whiting Foundation grant to do research on Joyce in Ireland during summer 2014, and much of that work impacted my essay in this collection. Claire Culleton wishes to thank all of her friends, especially the painting group Sundays@One, for their support and good cheer. She also is grate- ful to Kent State University’s Research Council, Kent State University’s Division of Research and Graduate Studies, and the Provost’s office for a research award, travel support, and a sabbatical during which she was able to focus on this collection. She adds: I also appreciate my department chair, Robert Trogdon, who has been equally supportive and generous. Students in my Editing and Publishing I and II classes (spring and fall 2016) apprenticed on this live project, some for more than a year, and I am grateful to them for their help and good humor, especially Taylor Durbin, Courtney Middleton, Brianna Molitor, and Elizabeth Szabat, as well as Lauren Cosentino, Briana Kawecki, Nicole Lewis, Audrey Lockhart, Rebecca Major, Molly McGirr, Chelsea Panin, Megan Sapsford, Minette Tomasch, and Sierra Willoughby. It has been a blast working on this proj- ect with my co-editor, Ellen Scheible. May there be many more books and collaborations in our future. Finally, we’d both like to acknowledge the strong work by contributing scholars to this collection. It was a pleasure working with each of them. CONTENTS 1 Introduction. Rethinking Dubliners: A Case for What Happens in Joyce’s Stories 1 Claire A. Culleton and Ellen Scheible 2 “The Thin End of the Wedge”: How Things Start in Dubliners 9 Claire A. Culleton 3 “No There There”: Place, Absence, and Negativity in “A Painful Case” 33 Margot Norris 4 A “Sensation of Freedom” and the Rejection of Possibility in Dubliners 51 Jim LeBlanc 5 “Scudding in Towards Dublin”: Joyce Studies and the Online Mapping Dubliners Project 69 Jasmine Mulliken 6 Joyce’s Mirror Stages and “The Dead” 95 Ellen Scheible vii viii Contents 7 Joyce’s Blinders: An Urban Ecocritical Study of Dubliners and More 115 Joseph P. Kelly 8 Clashing Cultures in “Counterparts”: Navigating among Print, Printing, and Oral Narratives in Turn-of-the-Century Dublin 145 Miriam O’Kane Mara 9 Intermental Epiphanies: Rethinking Dubliners with Cognitive Psychology 161 Martin Brick 10 From “Spiritual Paralysis” to “Spiritual Liberation”: Joyce’s Samaritan “Grace” 175 Jack Dudley 11 Men in Slow Motion: Male Gesture in “Two Gallants” 195 Enda Duffy Index 215 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 5.1 Screenshot of the Mapping Dubliners Project homepage 72 Fig. 5.2 Screenshot of the Google map version, showing the list pane on the left and the map pane on the right. Map data from GeoBasis, Google 73 Fig. 5.3 Screenshot of pop-up containing the place name, the story in which the reference appears, a brief description of context, and the passage from the text where the place is referenced. Map data from Google 74 Fig. 5.4 Illustration of a gnomon 79 Fig. 5.5 An approximation of the “Encounter” route. The solid line is the route the boys take, and the dotted line is the implied route home via train 80 Fig. 5.6 A geographic gnomon represented by North Richmond Street in the northwest, the exotic east in the southeast, and Araby (the bazaar) in between 81 Fig. 5.7 Approximate map of the gnomon section of Lenehan’s route 82 Fig. 5.8 Approximate map of the middle section of Maria’s route in “Clay” 86 ix CHAPTER 1 Introduction Rethinking Dubliners: A Case for What Happens in Joyce’s Stories Claire A. Culleton and Ellen Scheible Almost twenty years ago, Fritz Senn asked us to reconsider the gnomon as a foundational critical tool for Joyce studies. His 1998 essay, “Gnomon Inverted,” appeared as the only piece in the “New Directions” final sec- tion of the critical collection ReJoycing: New Readings of “Dubliners,” positioning his argument both on the threshold of new approaches to Joyce’s stories and on the outer fringes of traditional Joyce criticism. Senn asks us to pay attention to how “the renewed perpetuation of incomplete- ness” in the canon of writing on Dubliners “though far from futile, has become a little worn and shows signs of diminishing perceptive invigora- tion.”1 Seemingly hopeful that he can reinvigorate debates concerning Joyce’s collection, Senn offers this explanation of his essay: “Gnomon need not automatically or mechanically spell deprivation. This note then C. A. Culleton (*) Department of English, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA e-mail: [email protected] E. Scheible (*) Department of English/Irish Studies, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, USA e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s) 2017 1 C. A. Culleton, E. Scheible (eds.), Rethinking Joyce’s “Dubliners,” New Directions in Irish and Irish American Literature, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-39336-0_1 2 C.