shs. mO * PUBLICATIONS OF THE SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY THIRD SERIES VOLUME XXX CHRONICLE OF HOLYROOD 1938 A SCOTTISH CHRONICLE KNOWN AS THE CHRONICLE OF HOLYROOD Edited by MARJORIE OGILVIE ANDERSON, B.A. (Oxon.) With some additional notes by ALAN ORR ANDERSON, LL.D. (Edin.) EDINBURGH Printed at the University Press by T. and A. Constable Ltd for the Scottish History Society 1938 Printed in Great Britain CONTENTS PREFACE ..... vii INTRODUCTION .... 1 CHRONOLOGICAL NOTE 53 NOTE ON THE MANUSCRIPTS 55 METHODS OF THE EDITION 63 LIST OF BOOKS AND MANUSCRIPTS REFERRED TO . 67 TEXT OF THE CHRONICLE, AND NOTES . 75 TRANSLATION, FROM A.D. 1065-6 ONWARDS 183 INDEX ...... 199 PREFACE The Chronicle of Holyrood is one of the two Scottish monastic chronicles that have survived from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It has hitherto been available in the Bannatyne Club edition (1828), and in the edition by Bouterwek (1863); but neither edition provides an accurate text or collates the two manuscripts of the chronicle. The present edition contains the text of the Karlsruhe manuscript, collated with the incomplete Lambeth manu- script ; also the later additions in the Karlsruhe manuscript, of which the passage under 1266 is here printed for the first time. A translation has been added of the chronicle from 1065-6 onwards, and of the additions. A study of the chronicle’s sources shows that it had no originally Scottish source for entries earlier than about 1128. For the half-century after the Norman Conquest, it derived material from sources that originated in the south or south-west of England ; and it is therefore of interest for the study of minor English chronicles of that period. The chronicle has preserved a few pieces of information not generally found in English sources; including the establishment of thirty-six canons in Salisbury (1089), and the death of Eulalia abbess of Shaftesbury (1111). The “ sheriff G.” whose death is entered under 1125 was not, as has been supposed, one of the earliest-known Scottish sheriffs, but was Gilbert, sheriff of Surrey, Huntingdon, and Cambridge. A comparison of the chronicle with the contemporary part of the Chronicle of Melrose shows that the two chronicles are probably related not directly, but through vll viii CHRONICLE OF HOLYROOD the use of common sources. There may have been two distinct common sources, one that was used for items in the text of the Melrose chronicle, and another for items that were later added to the text; and the two sources were not necessarily used for the Chronicle of Holyrood at one time, or by one chronicler. From internal evidence in the Chronicle of Holyrood, it appears that the chronicle reached its present form in the abbey of Coupar-Angus. The list of events in the Scottish War of Independence, added at the end of the Karlsruhe manuscript, appears to be derived from a lost source, and may deserve more attention than it has received. A. O. Anderson wishes to say that this book was planned as a collaborate edition ; but that he was not at first free to undertake his part, and before he could do so, the research work of the edition had been done by M. O. Anderson, under her own direction and initiative. He is in entire agreement with the methods and results. He has verified the text of the chronicle, and variant readings, in every letter; has checked the translation ; and has considered and approved all the notes. He has added some historical notes, separated from the others by square brackets, and marked with his initials; and has inserted in the introductory part of the edition a palaeographical note, over his own name. We are indebted to Professor Dr Karl Preisendanz, formerly of the Badische Landesbibliothek, Karlsruhe, who gave us permission to edit the Karlsruhe manuscript of the chronicle, and who obtained for us the rotographs from which we have worked ; and to Dr Kattermann, now of the same library, who has kindly answered a number PREFACE ix of questions about the manuscript volume in which the chronicle is bound. We are indebted also to the authorities of Lambeth Palace Library, who have allowed us to consult the manuscript of the chronicle preserved there, and to have rotographs made of it. We have made use of several manuscripts of chronicles in the library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; and we should have wished to thank the late Canon Sir Edwyn C. Hoskyns, Bt., librarian of that College, for permission to quote the manuscripts, for obtaining roto- graphs of some of their pages, and for his hospitable kindness to us when we visited the library. Our thanks are due to the Leverhulme Research Fellowships trust, for a grant in aid of travelling expenses, which has enabled us to visit the British Museum and other libraries, and so to complete our work on the Introduction to the Chronicle of Melrose facsimile, and on the present edition of the Chronicle of Holy rood. Dundee. November, 1937. INTRODUCTION The work known as the Chronicle of Holyrood survives in two manuscript copies : one, which we call K, at Karlsruhe; the other, which we call L, at Lambeth. The text of this edition is that of K ; the variations of L are fully noted (see below, p. 63). K. This is a manuscript of 13 folios, forming folios 1-13 of the manuscript volume Karlsruhe 345, in the Badische Landesbibliothek at Karlsruhe, Baden ; formerly the library of the Grand Duke of Baden. The chronicle itself, copied in a thirteenth-century hand, occupies folios 1 to 11, and the greater part of 12 recto. Several later additions were made by different hands, at different times; they are all included in this edition. At the foot of folio 12 recto, in a hand of the fourteenth century, is a notice of the death of king Alexander III of Scotland in 1286. Folios 12 verso and 13 recto contain an account, in a thirteenth-fourteenth century hand, of events of 1266 in the Holy Land. Folio 13 verso, the last page of K, contains in two hands of the fourteenth or fifteenth century notices of events (1296- 1318) in the Scottish War of Independence, and the capture and loss of Berwick in 1355 and 1356. For some notes on the writing of the manuscript, see below, pp. 55-61. We have not been able to go to Karlsruhe to see the manuscript. Our text is transcribed from rotographs, or photostatic copies, made for us in 1932 through the A 2 CHRONICLE OF HOLYROOD courtesy of Professor Dr Karl Preisendanz, then Keeper of the manuscripts there. For the purposes of the edition, these rotographs have been a satisfactory sub- stitute for the manuscript, and have permitted us to make a correct transcript. Dr Kattermann, now of the Badische Landesbiblio- thek, has kindly replied to a number of questions con- cerning the manuscript. He tells us that the folios of K are 22-5 cm. in height, and 15-5 cm. in breadth. Folios 1-8 are, he says, evidently one quire ; the relationship of the remaining folios is no longer clearly visible, because of the modern binding, but Dr Kattermann conjectures that the collation is : 9 separate, 10-13,11-12. The other manuscripts contained in Karlsruhe 345 are of various dates and sizes. The volume was formerly numbered Durlach 38, and came to the library from the collection of Hermann von der Hardt (1660-1746), after his death. Finally, Dr Kattermann has referred us to the library catalogue, Die Handschriften der gross- herzoglich Badischen Hof- und Landesbibliothek in Karlsruhe; part IV (1896), pp. 38-39, contains an account of Karlsruhe 345, and a list of its contents. K was edited by C. W. Bouterwek, under the title : Monachi Anonymi Scoti Chronicon Anglo - Scoticum (Elberfeld, 1863). Bouterwek omitted from his edition the added passage for 1266, which, so far as can be found, is here printed for the first time. Bouterwek’s edition contains a page of facsimiles, which are untrustworthy. His transcript of the text is very inaccurate. He gives also, an introduction, with some account of the manuscript; and notes under the text. L. The other copy of the Chronicle of Holyrood is contained in manuscript 440 in Lambeth Palace INTRODUCTION 3 Library, London. This copy was made by hands of the early thirteenth or late twelfth century (see below, pp. 55-61). Lambeth 440 contains, besides L, an incomplete copy of Hugh of Fleury’s Chronicle, attributed in the manu- script to Ivo of Chartres. The copy of Hugh of Fleury stops in the middle of a sentence, before the end of folio 121 verso. See Descriptive Catalogue of the MSS. in the library of Lambeth Palace, by M. R. James and Claude Jenkins, 1930. Compare Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, ix, pp. 338-339 ; Potthast, Biblio- theca, i, p. 626. The Chronicle of Holy rood begins on folio 122 recto, at the top of the page. It is contained in two quires. The first quire has eight folios. In the second quire there were six folios, but at some time after the book was bound the fourth folio was cut off to within about half an inch of the binding, and the fifth was cut off close to the binding; the sixth folio is blank. It is possible that the second quire also had originally eight folios, and that the middle two (which would have followed folio 132) have been lost. The chronicle in its present state occupies folios 122-132. At the end of folio 132 verso, it breaks off in the middle of a sentence, in the year 1163.