J. Paul Getty Trust Report 2015 The World’s Artistic Legacy: Cultural Institutions and Soft Power On Cover: Mosaic restorers from Libya at the 2014 MOSAIKON training workshop organized by the Centro di Conservazione Archeologica and supported by the Getty Foundation. Photo: Araldo de Luca The World’s Artistic Legacy: Cultural Institutions and Soft Power Table of Contents 2 Chair Message Maria Hummer-Tuttle, Chair, Board of Trustees 4 Foreword James Cuno, President and CEO, J. Paul Getty Trust 7 Soft Power and Culture in an Information Age Joseph S. Nye Jr. 12 Getty Conservation Institute Timothy P. Whalen, Director 24 Getty Foundation Deborah Marrow, Director 34 J. Paul Getty Museum Timothy Potts, Director 44 Getty Research Institute Thomas W. Gaehtgens, Director 56 Getty Conservation Institute Projects 68 Getty Foundation Grants 78 Exhibitions and Acquisitions 106 Getty Guest Scholars 110 Getty Publications 114 Getty Councils 120 Honor Roll of Donors 124 Board of Trustees, Officers, and Directors 126 Financial Information Chair Message MARIA HUMMER-TUTTLE, CHAIR, BOARD OF TRUSTEES J. Paul Getty Trust This is my first annual message as chair of the Getty’s Keeping It Modern. This initiative focuses on the Board of Trustees, a position I am honored to hold. conservation of twentieth-century architecture around On behalf of the entire board, I want to begin by the world. The Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), also thanking Mark Siegel, who served so ably as board in its thirtieth year, launched the most advanced version chair for the past four years. Mark began his tenure as of Arches, an open source software system, developed by chair at a difficult time, just before the death of former the GCI in partnership with World Monuments Fund, Getty CEO Jim Wood. Mark quickly organized a to safeguard cultural heritage sites worldwide. search for our current president and chief executive, The Getty Museum and the Getty Research Jim Cuno; and during his term as chair, effectively and Institute (GRI) launched noteworthy exhibitions successfully presided over the meetings as the board during the year. The J. M. W. Turner: Painting Set Free worked to ensure the Getty’s long-term future. exhibition was the first major West Coast international Mark also had the opportunity to serve as chair loan exhibition focused on Turner’s late work, while during the Getty-led, region-wide initiative, Pacific the GRI presented World War I: War of Images, Standard Time: Art in LA 1945–1980. Pacific Images of War, which examined the visual propaganda Standard Time not only helped establish Los Angeles’s developed by warring nations as well as modern place in art history, it demonstrated the Getty’s ability artists’ firsthand accounts of this horrific conflict one to convene a broad range of local institutions in an hundred years ago. Part of the ambitious exhibition effort that enriched the cultural landscape of Southern and programming schedules at both the Museum and California. I look forward to Pacific Standard Time: GRI, these exhibitions drew large numbers of visitors LA/LA, successor to the initial Pacific Standard during a year in which total attendance at the Getty Time, which, through a series of thematically linked Center and Getty Villa exceeded 1.9 million visitors. exhibitions, takes a fresh look at vital and vibrant The board had the opportunity to review and traditions in Latino and Latin American art, with a approve a number of significant acquisitions during special interest in the cultural relations between the year, of which I wish to mention two. The first Los Angeles and Latin America. Pacific Standard is a work by the celebrated French painter Édouard Time: LA/LA debuts in September 2017. Manet, Jeanne (Spring), the last of the artist’s Salon The last fiscal year was another in which the Getty paintings still in private hands. The second is a demonstrated its leadership as a premier international recently discovered sculpture, Bust of Pope Paul V, arts organization. Among many projects launched by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, made when the famous or continued during the year at each of the Getty’s Baroque artist was twenty-three years old. four programs, the Getty Foundation, celebrating its thirtieth year as the Getty’s philanthropic arm, announced the first grants of an ongoing initiative, 2 The board established the J. Paul Getty Medal The Getty is a remarkable institution dedicated in 2013 to recognize extraordinary achievement to the study, presentation, and conservation of by living individuals in the fields of museology, art the world’s artistic legacy. It is a place where, at its historical research, conservation, conservation science, two Los Angeles locations, visitors can enjoy and and philanthropy. Harold M. Williams and Nancy be inspired by the Getty Museum’s collections. It Englander, credited for their leadership in creating is a place for scholars and researchers to search for the Getty as it exists today, were the first honorees. answers to complicated questions. It is a place where In 2014, Lord Jacob Rothschild received the Getty scientists help to preserve cultural heritage for future Medal at a celebratory event at which local, national, generations, and where targeted philanthropy helps and international leaders attended to acknowledge his to make that possible. None of this would be possible position as arguably the most influential volunteer without the incredibly talented staff throughout the cultural leader in the English-speaking world. Getty Trust, and I join my fellow trustees in saluting Effective governance is the board’s most them for their great accomplishments. important duty. This requires trustees who are experts in their given fields and demonstrate a strong commitment to the work undertaken by the Getty. This year the board welcomed John Studzinski, CBE, vice chairman, Investor Relations and Business Development, Blackstone. John is a resident of both the United Kingdom and the United States. Sadly, the board lost a valued member in 2015 with the passing of James Rothenberg. Although a recent addition to the board, Jim had made major contributions as a trustee. He will be greatly missed. We extend our deep condolences to Jim’s family. We were happy to welcome a new member to the Getty’s senior team, Janet McKillop, vice president of development. Janet and her team are engaged in creating awareness of the opportunities for individuals to further the expansion of the Getty’s important work. Jim Cuno has said, “The Getty has the resources to do anything it wants to do, but not everything that it wants to do.” 3 Foreword JAMES CUNO, PRESIDENT AND CEO J. Paul Getty Trust Joseph Nye Jr., professor at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, first coined the term “soft power” in 1990. He writes in his essay in this report that “power is the ability to affect others to obtain the outcomes you want… Soft power rests on the ability to shape the preferences of others.” And while it may be manipulated by national governments, which often take actions in pursuit of their own self-interests and that which they perceive to be in the interests of their citizens or subjects, soft power is not “the possession of any one country, nor only of countries.” As Joe writes, the soft power of a nation rests primarily on three resources: its culture, political values, and foreign policies. This is not to suggest that The J. Paul Getty Trust is an enlightened and soft power is only or even primarily in the service Enlightenment institution encouraging inquiry into of government. It is also and most effectively in the the diversity and history of the world’s artistic legacy. service of community independent of government; We are dedicated to building cultural and intellectual sometimes it is deployed against government. tools and content for the edification and pleasure of Cultural institutions like the Getty develop soft all interested people. On any given day, thousands of power to strengthen relations between people, not people from around the world come to the Getty to governments. And we take the long view. pursue their various interests in our galleries, libraries, On March 18, 2015, three terrorists attacked and laboratories or access the work of our curators, the Bardo National Museum in Tunis, Tunisia, and scholars, and scientists remotely over the Internet free killed twenty people, seventeen of them international of charge. tourists. The Islamic State claimed credit for the attack In fiscal year 2015, the Getty worked in fifty- but the Tunisian government blamed a local splinter eight countries on six continents. At the same time, group of Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. 1.9 million visitors came to the Getty Center and At the time, the J. Paul Getty Museum was Getty Villa from fifty-one countries. Fifty-eight organizing an important exhibition of Greek bronze visiting scholars from fourteen countries consulted our sculptures dating from the Hellenistic era, Power and libraries and worked in the offices and study carrels of Pathos: Bronze Sculpture in the Hellenistic World. One the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), J. Paul Getty important and extraordinarily beautiful sculpture, a Museum, and Getty Research Institute (GRI), and statue of Eros dating from the late 2nd century BC, is under the auspices of the Getty Foundation. And 9.3 in the collection of the Bardo Museum. For obvious million users from every country in the world accessed reasons, we weren’t certain that the museum would be our resources over the Internet. willing or able to lend it to our exhibition. But because To this end, our work crosses political borders and the museum and government of Tunisia knew and aspires to the condition of a “Republic of Letters,” the trusted the Getty, and perhaps because they wanted to long-distance community of interested persons in the show the world that their domestic and international late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries who quite relations would not be held hostage to terrorist threats, literally built a transnational community through the the museum and government of Tunis agreed to lend exchange of letters.