RICE METABOLIC MAP BASED ON PROTEOMICS RESULTS Leuco- pelargonidin Pelargonidin Anthocyanidin (Flavan- Anthocyanidin (Anthocyanidin) Anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 3,4-diol) synthase 3-glucosyl- IAA (1.13.11.-) transferase Anthocyanidin glucoside (n.a.) Dihydroflav onol 3-glucoside 4-reductase rhamnosyl- (1.1.1.219) transferase IAA (n.a.) 3-β-glucosyl- Respiratory chain transferase TOCOPHEROLS (localization: inner mitochondrial membrane) (n.a.) (plastidial antioxidant) Chalcone Naringenin Dihydroflavonol Anthocyanidin Chalcone (Flavanone) Flav anone 3-O-rhamno- Flav onol isomerase 3-β-hydroxylase Flav onol glucoside (5.5.1.6) (1.14.11.9) synthase Chalcone (1.13.11.-) 3-glucosyl- Indole 3-acetic ðà ðà synthase NADH O2 H2O ADP ATP transferase acid (IAA) NADH-CoQ QH -cytochrome c Cytochrome c Caffeoyl-CoA (2.3.1.74) (2.4.1.91) 2 O-methyltransferase 4-Coumaroyl-CoA (plant hormone) reductase reductase oxidase O-methyl- ATP synthase complex (2.1.1.104) 3-hydroxylase Kaempferol BRASSINOSTEROIDS (????) (1.10.2.2) (1.9.3.1) transferase ? (n.a.) Kaempferol (plant hormones) (3.6.3.14) (n.a.) 4-Coumaroyl- 3-O-glucoside FMN Cyt. b Cyt. a subunits: F0 4-Coumaryl- Sinapoyl- 5-Hydroxy- Feruloyl-CoA Caffeoyl-CoA 4-Coumarate Cinnamate 4-Coumar- CoA F1 alcohol CoA feruloyl-CoA 4-Coumarate: Cinnamate 2-Methyl- FeS Cluster Cyt. a3 4-Coumarate: 4-Coumarate: aldehyde 4-Coumarate: CoA-ligase 4-hydroxylase FeS Cluster CoA-ligase CoA-ligase 6-phytyl- CoA-ligase (6.2.1.12) (1.14.13.11) Cyt. c1 Cu α , (2.6.1.12) (6.2.1.12) Phenylalanine Phenylalanyl Conifer- (6.2.1.12) 4-Coumarate quinol Coniferyl ? ammonia lyase tRNA β 3-hydroxylase Cyt. c Peroxidases alcohol aldehyde (4.3.1.5) synthetase (n.a.) (6.1.1.20) PROTEIN L-Trypto- 5-Hydroxy- Ferulate Caffeate L-Phenyl- γ Sinapyl Sinap- Sinapate phanyl O-methyl- ferulate Ferulate Caffeate O-methyl- alanyl- alcohol aldehyde important: this enzyme may not exist ! tRNA ∆ transferase 5-hydroxylase transferase There is eviden ce th at 3-h ydro xylation h appen s on tRNA Laccases Arogenate PHYTOSTEROLS (n.a.) (1.14.13.-) (2.1.1.68) coumaro ylsh ikimate o r coumaro ylquin ate est ers Tryptophanyl ε dehydratase L-Phenyl- MONOTERPENES (4.-.-.-) L-Tyrosyl tRNA Cinnamyl alcohol Cinnamoyl-CoA alanine synthetase dehydrogenase reductase Adenosine-5’- tRNA (6.1.1.2) (1.1.1.195) (1.2.1.44) Phytyl triphosphate Adenosine SESQUITERPENES Arogenate diphosphate LIGNINS kinase (2.7.4.3) Adenosine-5’- DNA monophosphate Homogentisate RNA Prephenate Arogenate p-Hydroxyphenyl- Geranylgeranyl Inosine aminotransferase dehydrogenase L-Tyrosine p-Hydrox yphenyl- reductase Adenylo- Tyrosine pyruvate monophosphate (n.a.) (1.3.1.12) pyruv ate (n.a.) Xanthosine dehydrogenase Adenylo- succinate aminotransferase dioxygenase 5’-phosphate (1.1.1.200) succinate lyase (2.6.1.5) (1.13.11.27) synthase Geranygeranyl (4.3.2.2) Phosphoribosyl (6.3.4.4) N-(5’-phospho- diphosphate anthranilate 5’-Phosphoribosyl- ribosyl)- synthase 5-amino-4-imidazole 5N-Formyl- Adenylo- Prephenate isomerase ( 2.5.1.29) Inosine anthranilate (5.3.1.24) L-Tryptophan carboxamide AICAR succinate AICAR formyl- Inosine 5’-phosphate synthase Copalyl Geranylgeranyl Farnesyl Geranyl (AICAR) transferase monophosphate (4.2.1.20) diphosphate Phosphoribulosyl- (2.1.2.3) cyclohydrolase Chorismate α-subunit diphosphate Copalyl diphosphate diphosphate Anthranilate Imidazoleglycerol- (5.3.4.10) mutase 1-(o-Carboxy- diphosphate formimino-AICAR- phosphate synthase phosphoribosyl Indolyl-3-glycerol synthase Heme (5.4.99.5) phenylamino)- β-subunit Phytoene phosphate (n.a.) transferase Ent-Kaurene (n.a.) -phosphate L-Typtophan synthase synthase Geranyl PROTEIN (2.4.2.18) 1’-deoxyribulose- Indolyl-3- Imidazole- (n.a.) (2.5.1.32) diphosphate Chlorophyll b L-Histidine NAD, NADH; 5’-phosphate glycerolphosphate synthase Phosphoribosyl glycerol DITERPENES Ferrochelatase NADP, NADPH Anthranilate Chorismate synthase (n.a.) formimino-AICAR- phosphate (4.1.1.48) (heme synthetase) phosphate isomerase L-Histdinyl Anthranilate (4.99.1.1) Chlorophyll b (3.5.4.19) t-RNA synthase synthase reductase Chlorophyll a (6.1.1.21) L-Histidinyl- (4.1.3.27) GIBBERELLINS Phytoene (n.a.) oxygenase Chorismate ent-Kaurene Polyprenyl (n.a.) tRNA synthase (plant hormone s) Phytoene Phosphoribosyl- (4.6.1.4) desaturase diphosphate s Chlorophyllase Phospho- Phospho- (1.14.99.-) (n.a.) formimino-AICAR- α-D-5-Phosphoribosyl- Isopentenyl ribosyl- ribosyl- Zeaxanthin diphosphate phosphate Phosphoribosyl- Phosphoribosyl- ATP-Phosphoribosyl- diphosphate Ribose- AMP ATP epoxidase isomerase Divinylproto- Monovinylproto- AMP cyclo- ATP-pyro- transferase 5-phosphate 3-Enolpyruvyl- (1.14.-.-) (5.3.3.2) Chlorophyll a hydrolase phosphorylase (2.11.2.17) pyrophospho- Shikimate Shikimate shikimate α-Carotene, chlorophyllide a Protochlorophyllide chlorophyllide a (3.5.4.19) (3.6.1.31) kinase 5-phosphate ABSCISIC ACID Chlorophyll Ascorbate oxidase Shikimate 3-Enolpyruv yl- β ζ reductase (2.7.6.1) 5-phosphate (plant hormone) Violaxanthin Zeaxanthin -Carotene, -Carotene Dimethylallyl Isopentenyl synthase (cell wall) kinase shikimate (n.a.) (1.18.-.-) (1.10.3.3) (2.7.1.71) 5-phosphate Violaxanthin Lutein diphosphate diphosphate Shikimate 8-Vinyl Siroheme synthase de-epoxidase dehydrogenase reductase (2.5.1.19) (n.a.) Aromatic amino (1.1.1.25) (n.a.) Ascorbate 2-Methyl-4-amino- peroxidase acids Carotenoid biosynthesis Mg-Protoporphyrin IX (cytosolic) 5-hydroxymethyl- ? (photosynthetic pigments) PHYLLOQUINONE gcpE –like protein Mg-Proto- monomethyl ester (1.11.1.11) 3-Deoxy-Darabino- pyrimidine UBIQUINONE (n.a.) Divinyl-proto- 5-Dehydro- 5-Dehydro- Proto- porphyrin IX (Mg-PME) heptulosonate 7- PYRIDOXINE porphyrin IX Mg-Proto- Mg-Proto- Mg-PME cyclase chlorophyllide a MDHA 5-Dehydroquinate quinate 5-Dehydroquinate shikimate THIAMIN DIPHOSPHATE porphyrin IX porphyrin IX (n.a.) phosphate (vitamin B6) Uroporphyrinogen III reductase Monodehydro- synthase dehydratase (vitamin B1) chelatase methyltransferase (n.a.) (4.6.1.3) (4.2.1.10) PLASTOQUINONE lytB-like protein (4.9.9.-) (PPMT) methyltransferase Ascorbic acid ascorbic acid (n.a.) Proto- (2.1.1.107) Phospho-2-keto- 5-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)- porphyrinogen (2.1.1.11) (radical) 3-deoxyheptonate 1-Deoxy- Chemical 4-methyl-thiazole 4-(Cytidine 2-C-Methyl- oxidase (PPOX) aldolase D-xylulose (1.3.3.4) Precorrin II disproportionation 5-phosphate 2-C-Methyl- 5’-diphospho)- D-erythritol (4.1.2.15) phosphate D-erythritol Dihydroascorbate reducto- 2-C-methyl- 2,4-cyclodi- L-Galactono- isomerase 4-phosphate D-erythritol phosphate Acetoacetyl-CoA reductase cytidyltransferase 2-Phospho- Copro- Uroporpho- 1,4-lactone (GSH-dependent) Xylulo- thiJ-like protein (n.a.) 4-(Cytidine kinase synthase 1-Hydroxymethyl- (n.a.) 4-(cytidine 5’- 2-C-Methyl- Proto- dehydrogenase (n.a.) kinase D-Ribulose (n.a.) 1-Deoxy- 2-C-Methyl- (n.a.) (n.a.) Acetoacetyl-CoA porphyrinogen III bilinogen III 5’-diphospho)- porphyrinogen IX Copro- UPBG UPBG synthase bilane (1.1.3.37) (2.7.1.17) 1,5-bisphosphate D-xylulose D-erythritol diphospho)- D-erythritol thiolase (UPBG) (UPBG) Dehydro- Phosphoribulokinase 2-C-methyl- (2.3.1.9) porphyrinogen III decarboxylase (UROS) 5-phosphate 4-phosphate 2-C-methyl- 2,4-cyclo- oxidase (CPOX) (UROD) (4.2.1.75) PBG deaminase Pentose phosphate cycle (2.7.1.19) D-erythritol ascorbic acid D-erythritol diphosphate (1.3.3.3) (4.1.1.37) (PBGD) (reductive pathway) (4.1.3.8) L-Galactono- Sedoheptulose D-Ribose 1,7-bisphosphatase 1,4-lactone D-Ribulose D-Xylulose GDP- 4-Keto-6-deoxy- 5-phosphate (3.1.3.37) L-fucose | 5-phosphate Ribulose- 5-phosphate H2CO3 | GDP-D-mannose 5-phosphate- D-Sedoheptulose CO2 1-Deoxy- Photorespiration Carbonic GDP-mannose 3-epimerase Ribulose-1,5- D-xylulose Nitrite L-Galactose GDP-mannose Gluconate- 1,7-bisphosphate 3,5-epimerase- (5.1.3.1) anhydrase bisphosphate 5-phosphate Glycolate reductase Nitrate dehydrogenase 4,6-dehydratase 6-phosphate Fumarate Porphobilinogen 4-reductase (4.2.1.1) Carboxylase synthase (1.7.7.1) reductase (1.1.1.48) (4.2.1.47) dehydrogenase (GER1) (5.1.3.-) Pentose phosphate cycle (RUBISCO) (n.a.) Fumarase (PBG) (1.6.6.1) (1.1.1.44) (4.1.1.39) 2-Phospho- | Transaldolase L-Malate (4.2.1.2) Sulfur (oxidative pathway) large chain Phosphoenolpyruv ate Phosphoenolpyruv ate Citric acid NH + NO - NO - ? | (2.2.1.2) glycolate 4 2 3 assimilation L-galactose GDP- GDP- D-Sedoheptulose phosphatase carboxylase carboxykinase cycle Aminolev ulinate Sulfite PAPS D-6-Phospho- 7-phosphate small chain (n.a.) (4.1.1.31) (4.1.1.49) Succinate dehydratase reductase reductase L-galactose D-mannose dehydrogenase Carbon Malate synthase (4.2.1.24) (1.8.99.3) (1.8.99.4) gluconate (1.3.99.1) Malate (4.1.3.2) Nitrogen assimilation 3’-Phospho- Adenosine fixation dehydrogenase O-Acetyl- 2- 2- Transketolase 2-Phospho- Formyl-CoA S SO3 adenosine (1.1.1.37) 5’-phospho- GDP-mannose (2.2.1.1) hydrolase Succinate serine 5’-phospho- D-Erythrose glycolate Malate deydrogenase Formyl- sulfate (APS) pyrophos- Glucose (n.a.) 5-Amino- Serine- sulfate (PAPS) phorylase 6-phosphate 4-phosphate “malic enzyme” CoA levulinate acetylserine (2.7.7.22) dehydrogenase Glyceraldehyde- Pyruv ate dehydrogenase complex (1.1.1.40) (2.3.1.30) Succinyl-CoA ATP sulfurylase / (1.1.1.49) 3-phosphate 3-Phosphoglycerate Phosphoglycero- Oxalo- CO2 Glucose Fructose- dehydrogenase Pyruv ate Formate synthetase APS kinase 6-phosphate Pyrophosphate-dependent 1,6-bisphosphate kinase mutase Pyruv ate orthophosphate E1 (1.2.4.1) acetate + Succinate- (1.2.1.12) Oxalyl-CoA (6.2.1.5) Glutamate- Dipeptidase (2.7.7.4) α-D-Mannose isomerase phosphofructokinase aldolase (2.7.2.3) (5.4.2.1) Enolase kinase dikinase α semialdehyde cytopl. Citrate ATP-citrate H2O2 -chain 1-semialdehyde Succinate ? (Cysteine, (3.4.13.6) L-Cysteinyl- 1-phosphate (5.3.1.9) (2.7.1.90) (4.1.2.13) cytopl. cytopl. (4.2.1.11) (2.7.1.40) (2.7.9.1) E2 (2.3.1.12) decarboxylase dehydrogenase synthase lyase (4.1.1.8) (1.2.1.16) aminotransferase semialdehyde Glycine) glycine plast.