International Journal of Chemical Studies 2018; 6(2): 3277-3282 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 IJCS 2018; 6(2): 3277-3282 Morphological assessment of rose species and © 2018 IJCS Received: 06-01-2018 variants using multivariate analysis Accepted: 07-02-2018 Abhay Kumar Gaurav Abhay Kumar Gaurav, Namita, DVS Raju, Markandey Singh, Sapna ICAR-Indian Agricultural Panwar and Gaurav Kumar Vani Research Institute, New Delhi, India Abstract Namita The present study was done to evaluate thirty-one rose species and cultivars based on morphological ICAR-Indian Agricultural characters. India is a hotspot of wild rose species, major being R. brunonii, R. moschata, R. multiflora Research Institute, New Delhi, and R. cathayensis R. macrophylla, R. webbiana). Every species has some of the special traits which can India be used for development of new cultivars suitable for specific purposes. Morphological data were recorded as per PPV& FRA guidelines and principal component analysis was done based on score data. DVS Raju It extracts all important variables in the form of different components. Major variables observed during ICAR-DFR, Pune, Maharashtra, India assessment were plant growth habit, the shape of prickles, leaflet shape and size, leaf serration and shape of stipules. All five components were named after observing the variables of the particular component. Markandey Singh PCA biplot was constructed between different components, species having positive value on both X and ICAR-Indian Agricultural Y axis were recommended as suitable for a particular purpose. Some species such as R. banksiae, R. Research Institute, New Delhi, macrophylla, R. odorata, R. tomentosa, R. glutinosa, R. multiflora, Rose Sherbat and Dr Huey were India found to be suitable for breeding cultivars having better water use efficiency, radiation use efficiency and growth dimension. Sapna Panwar ICAR-Indian Agricultural Keywords: rose, multivariate analysis, PCA, wild species Research Institute, New Delhi, India Introduction Gaurav Kumar Vani Roses are one of the most beautiful creations of nature. They are grown all around the world JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya for their beautiful flowers. It belongs to family Rosaceae which include approximately 120 Pradesh, India species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere (Wissemann, 2003) [14]. Striking feature of rose diversity is the availability of variation in almost all visible morphological characters. Diversity can be observed with respect to growth habit, plant spread, leaf type, leaf shape, leaf colour, stem colour, prickle characteristics (such as presence or absence, curvature, colour, density etc.), stipule, floral characteristics (Colour, fragrance, number of petals etc.). Asia is one of the major gene centres where the majority of the wild rose species are found. India is also a hotspot for roses (Duthie, 1971; Bamber, 1976; Hooker, 1978, Tejaswini, and Prakash, [4, 2, 13] 2005) , with as many as sixteen species and four hybrid species has been reported to be growing wild in various phytogeographical zones of India (Pal, 1966; Rathore and Umesh, 1992) [6, 7]. Western Himalaya leads with six wild species viz. R. brunonii, R. moschata, R. multiflora and R. cathayensis R. macrophylla and R. webbiana (Singh et al., 2017) [12]. This wealth of indigenous germplasm is important source of many important traits such as perpetual flowering, winter hardiness fragrance, colour, thornlessness, scented foliage etc. Many wild species have been evolved to survive under abiotic stresses such as droughts, extreme heat and cold and biotic stresses such as insects, pests, and diseases (Tejaswini, and Prakash, 2005) [13]. These germplasm need to protect from the untimely loss and have to evaluate in order to utilized in rose breeding programs. Native species such as Rosa brunonii, R. macrophylla, R. moschata, R. spinossisima, R. rubiginosa, R. wichuraiana can help in breeding new cultivars suitable for local agro-ecological conditions. The present work was done to study to evaluate rose species and cultivars for their usefulness in the breeding program based on morphological traits. Correspondence Abhay Kumar Gaurav Materials and Methods ICAR-Indian Agricultural Thirty-one rose species and cultivars were collected from ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, ICAR- Research Institute, New Delhi, NBPGR, Regional Station, Shimla, and ICAR-IARI, Regional Station Katrain, (Table 1). India Twenty-one species, five cultivar and five wild species of unknown origin were collected. ~ 3277 ~ International Journal of Chemical Studies The observations were recorded for eighteen vegetative some variables (Four) were uniform throughout the characters. Traits assessed in the study were; plant growth genotypes, they were not included for further analysis; only habit, anthocyanin coloration of young shoots and their hue, fourteen sets of the variable were used for Principal presence or absence of prickles, its colour, curvature, leaf components analysis (Revelle, 2017) [8]. It extracts all colour, glossiness of adaxial surface, leaf pubescence, leaflet important variables in the form of different components. All serration of margin, terminal leaflet: length and breadth, the variables of a component was reinterpreted and remaining terminal leaflet: shape of the blade, tip, and base and type of the categories was done logically to keep focus on research stipule. As most of the species didn’t flower at the place of (Coolen, 2008; Sharma, 2014) [3, 11]. Here the loading value of work, floral data were not recorded. Scoring was done as per first five components was further analyzed. Any variables Rose DUS guidelines given (Authority, P.P.V.F.R., 2012) [1]. having value more than 0.5 is good enough to explain For the characters which were not included in PPV&FRA, diversity in a component. Based on loading value in each such as presence or absence of prickles on the shoot, the component, a variable having value ≥0.5 were selected and a shape of terminal leaflet blade and type of stipule, a scoring remaining of component was done. PCA was plotted between pattern was created similar to DUS guidelines (Rathore and two components; component 1 vs component 2, component 2 Umesh, 1992) [7] and further analysis was done (Table 2). As vs. component 3 and so on. Table 1: List of rose genotypes used for morphological characterization S. No Species name Accession no./ Identification no Source 1 Rosa nitida × R. rugosa EC 035571 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 2 R. slancensis EC 037349 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 3 R. indica major EC 129073 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 4 R. macrophylla IC 564816 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 5 R. brunonii IC 564794 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 6 R. wichuraiana EC 033173 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 7 R. moschata EC 018586 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 8 R. tomentosa EC 032911 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 9 R. dumalis EC025995 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 10 R. multiflora EC032219 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 11 R. glutinosa EC 025999 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 12 R. damascena EC025987 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 13 R. bourboniana IC010649 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 14 R. chinensis viridiflora FLS-IARI/P10/B15-1 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 15 R. indica var. odorata FLS-IARI/MB10-A ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 16 R. banksiae IW004421 ICAR-IARI, R.S, Katrain 17 R. rubiginosa EC026371 ICAR-NBPGR, R.S, Shimla 18 Rosa sps. FLS-P8/B19-2 ICAR-NBPGR, R.S, Shimla 19 R. inodora EC025783 ICAR-NBPGR, R.S, Shimla 20 R. spinossisima EC032847 ICAR-NBPGR, R.S, Shimla 21 R. rubrifolia EC032417 ICAR-NBPGR, R.S, Shimla 22 Jwala FLS-P10/B19-1 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 23 Himroz FLS-P9/B19-1 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 24 Rani Sahiba FLS-P8/B19-1 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 25 Rose Sherbat FLS-IARI/1B/R3-C4 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 26 Dr Huey FLS-P11/B19-3 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 27 Wild Species 1 FLS/2016/RW1 ICAR-IARI, R.S, Katrain 28 Wild Species 2 FLS/2016/RW2 ICAR-IARI, R.S, Katrain 29 Wild Species 3 FLS/2016/RW3 ICAR-IARI, R.S, Katrain 30 Wild Species 4 FLS/2016/RW4 ICAR-IARI, R.S, Katrain 31 Wild Species 5 FLS/2016/RW5 ICAR-IARI, R.S, Katrain Results and Discussion five variable had loading value of ≥0.5. They are- young Based on morphological traits, it was inferred that high shoot: anthocyanin colouration, young shoot: hue of variation is available in genus Rosa. Variations were noticed anthocyanin colouration, prickles on stem: present/absent, for almost all important vegetative characters. The prickles: predominant colour and leaflet serration of margin. morphological traits which differentiate species and cultivars After observing these characters, we named this component 1 into distinct groups are plant growth habit, the shape of as Water use efficiency (WUE). In the second component, prickles, leaflet shape and size, leaf serration and shape of three variable had loading value of ≥0.5; plant growth habit, stipules. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to shape of the lower side of prickle and type of stipule. We identify multidimensional relationships among various traits named this second component as growth dimension after for grouping species. It extracts all important variables in the observing these 3 characters. The third component was named form of different components from a large set of variables photosynthetic assimilation as the variable (traits) having available in a dataset and presents them in more interpretable loading value of ≥0.5 were related to leaf (Length and breadth form. Principle components altogether explained 100% of the of the terminal leaflet and its shape of base). In fourth accumulated variables (Yoshioka, 2004) [15]. PCA was carried principal component, only two variable had loading value of out on 14 traits of all the species, the first five principal ≥0.5, prickles colour and leaf glossiness of upper side. Based components captured 70% of the variability. In component 1, on both traits, this component was named as heat tolerance. ~ 3278 ~ International Journal of Chemical Studies The fifth component was named as radiation use efficiency (Radiation use efficiency) (Fig.